An integrated targeted metabolomics and network pharmacology approach to exploring the mechanism of ellagic acid against sleep deprivation-induced memory impairment and anxiety.

Background: As a neuroprotective agent, ellagic acid (EA) is extremely beneficial. Our previous study found that EA can alleviate sleep deprivation (SD)-induced abnormal behaviors, although the mechanisms underlying this protective effect have not yet been fully elucidated. Objective: An integrated network pharmacology and targeted metabolomics approach was utilized in this study to investigate the mechanism of EA against SD-induced memory impairment and anxiety. Methods: Behavioral tests were conducted on mice after 72 h of SD. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and nissl staining were then carried out. Integration of network pharmacology and targeted metabolomics was performed. Eventually, the putative targets were further verified using molecular docking analyses and immunoblotting assays. Results: The present study findings confirmed that EA ameliorated the behavioral abnormalities induced by SD and prevented histopathological and morphological damage to hippocampal neurons. Through multivariate analysis, clear clustering was obtained among different groups, and potential biomarkers were identified. Four key targets, catechol- Conclusion: The findings of this study extended our understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which EA treats SD-induced memory impairment and anxiety, and suggested a novel approach to address the increased health risks associated with sleep loss.