ArticleJournal of neurology2023
A multimodal marker for cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis: the role of NfL, GFAP and conventional MRI in predicting cognitive functioning in a prospective clinical cohort.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cognitive Impairment Associated with Chemotherapy: Neuroimmunological Interactions, Gut-Brain Axis, and Therapeutic Approaches.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- What Predicts Changes in the Work Situation of Recently Diagnosed People with Multiple Sclerosis and do these Predictors also Apply to Healthy People?Journal of occupational rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis with focus on brainstem volume.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- Cognitive awareness in people with multiple sclerosis before and after neuropsychological assessment.Journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- Neurofilament Light Chain and Disability Measures as Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Early Multiple Sclerosis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- Exploring the Clinical Utility of Neurofilament Light Chain Assays in Multiple Sclerosis Management.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Uncovering heterogeneous cognitive trajectories in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Article
- Attitudes of Neurologists Toward Serum Neurofilament Light-Chain Testing in the Management of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis with Cognitive Impairment.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- A multimodal approach to distinguish multiple sclerosis phenotypes at diagnosis using biomarker profiles.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Understanding the complex network of objectively assessed cognition and self-reported psychological symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein predicts disease progression in multiple sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: from phenomenology to neurobiological mechanisms.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCognitive impairment in people with MS (PwMS) has primarily been investigated using conventional imaging markers or fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration separately. However, the single use of these markers do only partially explain the large heterogeneity found in PwMS.
objectiveTo investigate the use of multimodal (bio)markers: i.e., serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and conventional imaging markers in predicting cognitive functioning in PwMS.
methodsEighty-two PwMS (56 females, disease duration = 14 ± 9 years) underwent neuropsychological and neurological examination, structural magnetic resonance imaging, blood sampling and lumbar puncture. PwMS were classified as cognitively impaired (CI) if scoring ≥ 1.5SD below normative scores on ≥ 20% of test scores. Otherwise, PwMS were defined as cognitively preserved (CP). Association between fluid and imaging (bio)markers were investigated, as well as binary logistics regression to predict cognitive status. Finally, a multimodal marker was calculated using statistically important predictors of cognitive status.
resultsOnly higher NfL levels (in serum and CSF) correlated with worse processing speed (r = - 0.286, p = 0.012 and r = - 0.364, p = 0.007, respectively). sNfL added unique variance in the prediction of cognitive status on top of grey matter volume (NGMV), p = 0.002). A multimodal marker of NGMV and sNfL yielded most promising results in predicting cognitive status (sensitivity = 85%, specificity = 58%).
conclusionFluid and imaging (bio)markers reflect different aspects of neurodegeneration and cannot be used interchangeably as markers for cognitive functioning in PwMS. The use of a multimodal marker, i.e., the combination of grey matter volume and sNfL, seems most promising for detecting cognitive deficits in MS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.