ArticleJCO oncology practice2023
Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Factors as Determinants of Cachexia Incidence and Outcomes in a Retrospective Cohort of Patients With Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer.
Article in JCO oncology practice, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding cachexia and muscle dysfunction in the context of metastatic breast cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Cancer cachexia: molecular basis and therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Weight loss in patients on osimertinib for metastatic EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Associations of Social Vulnerability and Race-Ethnicity With Gastrointestinal Cancers in the United States.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Cancer cachexia: multilevel metabolic dysfunction.Nature metabolism · 2024Review
- Defining and Addressing Research Priorities in Cancer Cachexia through Transdisciplinary Collaboration.Cancers · 2024Review
- Leveraging real-world data to predict cancer cachexia stage, quality of life, and survival in a racially and ethnically diverse multi-institutional cohort of treatment-naïve patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Emerging markers of cancer cachexia and their relationship to sarcopenia.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeCachexia is a paraneoplastic syndrome of unintentional adipose and muscle tissue wasting with severe impacts to functionality and quality of life. Although health inequities across minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are known, the role of these factors in cachexia progression is poorly characterized. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between these determinants and cachexia incidence and survival in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer.
methodsThrough retrospective chart review from a prospective tumor registry, we established a cohort of 882 patients with gastroesophageal or colorectal cancer diagnosed between 2006 and 2013. Patient race, ethnicity, private insurance coverage, and baseline characteristics were evaluated through multivariate, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression analyses to determine associations with cachexia incidence and survival outcomes.
resultsWhen controlling for potentially confounding covariates (age, sex, alcohol and tobacco history, comorbidity score, tumor site, histology, and stage), Black (odds ratio [OR], 2.447;
conclusionOur findings suggest that race, ethnicity, and insurance play significant roles in cachexia progression and related outcomes that are not accounted for by conventional predictors of health. Disproportionate financial burdens, chronic stress, and limitations of transportation and health literacy represent targetable factors for mitigating these health inequities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.