Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2023
Randomized Trial of BCG Vaccine to Protect against Covid-19 in Health Care Workers.
2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
18.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
BCG Vaccination to Reduce the Impact of COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers (BRACE) Trial
Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of Therapeutic Mycobacterium Bovis BCG in Patients With Mycobacterium Avium Complex Lung Disease (BOOST)
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Immune mechanisms mediating the heterologous effects of BCG vaccination: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Vaccination against influenza viruses reduces infection, not hospitalization or death, from respiratory COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- Optimising COVID-19 episode identification using serology and PCR/rapid antigen testing: insights from the BRACE trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- BCG-Induced DNA Methylation Changes Improve Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Immunity Without Decreasing the Risk for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- No evidence of MMR induced trained immunity to prevent SARS COV2: results from a multi-centre RCT.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- The effect of BCG revaccination on the response to unrelated vaccines in urban Ugandan adolescents (POPVAC C): an open-label, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Trial
- Antecedent and persistent symptoms in COVID-19 and other respiratory illnesses: Insights from prospectively collected data in the BRACE trial.The Journal of infection · 2024Trial
- BCG vaccination of healthcare workers for protection against COVID-19: 12-month outcomes from an international randomised controlled trial.The Journal of infection · 2024Trial
- Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in adult Brazilian health-care workers: a nested clinical trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Safety of BCG vaccination and revaccination in healthcare workers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Trial
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Healthcare Workers: A Case-Control Study in Cape Verde.Portuguese journal of public health · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines as Antigen-Agnostic Immunomodulators: A Repurposing Perspective.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Randomized clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines are not designed to study non-specific effects on rare mortality.iScience · 2026Article
- Six Years of COVID-19: Lessons from Epidemiology, Vaccination Campaigns, Clinical Risk Stratification, and Thromboembolic Surveillance.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Broadly protective mucosal vaccination in the respiratory tract.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- IFN-γ-induced trained immunity enhances killing of priority pathogens in healthy and genetically vulnerable individuals.JCI insight · 2026Article
- A co-evolutionary perspective on humans andeLife · 2026Review
- Prior Exposure of Airway Epithelial Cells to Mycobacteria Reduces Subsequent <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> Infection and Resulting Inflammation.Journal of innate immunity · 2026Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
45 authors at 14 institutions in 8 countries.
Laure F PittetFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2395-4574
Nicole L MessinaFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8404-4462
Francesca OrsiniFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Cecilia L MooreFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Veronica AbruzzoFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Simone BarryFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Rhian BonniciFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Marc BontenFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
John CampbellFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Julio CrodaFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6665-6825
Margareth DalcolmoFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Kaya GardinerFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Grace GellFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Susie GermanoFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Adriano Gomes-SilvaFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Casey GoodallFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Amanda GweeFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Tenaya JamiesonFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Bruno JardimFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Tobias R KollmannFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Marcus V G LacerdaFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Katherine J LeeFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Michaela LucasFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
David J LynnFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Laurens ManningFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Helen S MarshallFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Ellie McDonaldFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Craig F MunnsFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Suellen NicholsonFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Abby O'ConnellFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Roberto D de OliveiraFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Susan PerlenFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Kirsten P PerrettFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Cristina Prat-AymerichFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Peter C RichmondFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Jesus Rodriguez-BañoFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Glauce Dos SantosFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Patricia V da SilvaFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Jia Wei TeoFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Paola VillanuevaFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Adilia WarrisFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Nicholas J WoodFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Andrew DavidsonFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
Nigel CurtisFrom the Infectious Diseases Group (L.F.P., N.L.M., V.A., R.B., K.G., G.G., S.G., C.G., A.G., T.J., E.M., S.P., J.W.T., P.V., N.C.), Melbourne Children's Trials Centre (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L., K.P.P., A.D.), and the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit (F.O., C.L.M., K.J.L.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (L.F.P., N.L.M., A.G., K.J.L., K.P.P., P.V., N.C.), the Infectious Diseases Unit (L.F.P., A.G., P.V., N.C.), Research Operations (K.G.), and the Department of Allergy and Immunology (K.P.P.), Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, and the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (S.N.), Parkville, VIC, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (S.B., D.J.L.), the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital (S.B.), and Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide (H.S.M.), Adelaide, SA, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute (T.R.K., L.M., P.C.R.), the Department of Immunology, PathWest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (M.L.), the Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (M.L.), and the Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital (M.L., P.C.R.), Nedlands, WA, the University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth (M.L., L.M., P.C.R.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA (D.J.L.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA (L.M.), the Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA (H.S.M.), the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead (C.F.M.), Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (N.J.W.), and the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease (N.J.W.), Westmead, NSW, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (C.F.M., N.J.W.) - all in Australia; the Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (L.F.P.); the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.B., C.P.-A.); Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (J. Campbell) and Exeter Clinical Trials Unit (A.O.), University of Exeter Medical School, and the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter (A.W.) - both in Exeter, United Kingdom; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (J. Croda), and Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (J. Croda, R.D.O., P.V.S.), Campo Grande, Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.D., G.S.), Catholic University (M.D.), and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (A.G.-S.), Rio de Janeiro, and the Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation (B.J., M.V.G.L.), and Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health (M.V.G.L.), Manaus - all in Brazil; the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (J. Croda); University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (M.V.G.L.); and Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Barcelona (C.P.-A.), the Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, and the Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville (J.R.-B.), and CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid (J.R.-B.) - all in Spain.
BRACE Trial Consortium Group
Norwegian Womens Public Health Association · NOThe University of Melbourne · AURoyal Children's Hospital · AUCancer Trials Australia · AUUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul · BRThe University of Sydney · AUUniversity of Exeter · GBUtrecht University · NLInstituto de Salud Carlos III · ESNIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility · GBPhillips Exeter Academy · USRoyal Adelaide Hospital · AUThe Royal Melbourne Hospital · AUUniversity of Geneva · CH
Funding
Medical Research Council MR/N006364/2
Abstract
backgroundThe bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has immunomodulatory "off-target" effects that have been hypothesized to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19).
methodsIn this international, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned health care workers to receive the BCG-Denmark vaccine or saline placebo and followed them for 12 months. Symptomatic Covid-19 and severe Covid-19, the primary outcomes, were assessed at 6 months; the primary analyses involved the modified intention-to-treat population, which was restricted to participants with a negative test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at baseline.
resultsA total of 3988 participants underwent randomization; recruitment ceased before the planned sample size was reached owing to the availability of Covid-19 vaccines. The modified intention-to-treat population included 84.9% of the participants who underwent randomization: 1703 in the BCG group and 1683 in the placebo group. The estimated risk of symptomatic Covid-19 by 6 months was 14.7% in the BCG group and 12.3% in the placebo group (risk difference, 2.4 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.7 to 5.5; P = 0.13). The risk of severe Covid-19 by 6 months was 7.6% in the BCG group and 6.5% in the placebo group (risk difference, 1.1 percentage points; 95% CI, -1.2 to 3.5; P = 0.34); the majority of participants who met the trial definition of severe Covid-19 were not hospitalized but were unable to work for at least 3 consecutive days. In supplementary and sensitivity analyses that used less conservative censoring rules, the risk differences were similar but the confidence intervals were narrower. There were five hospitalizations due to Covid-19 in each group (including one death in the placebo group). The hazard ratio for any Covid-19 episode in the BCG group as compared with the placebo group was 1.23 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.59). No safety concerns were identified.
conclusionsVaccination with BCG-Denmark did not result in a lower risk of Covid-19 among health care workers than placebo. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others; BRACE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04327206.).
Indexed as
Adjuvants, ImmunologicBCG VaccineCOVID-19Health PersonnelCOVID-19 VaccinesDouble-Blind MethodHumansSARS-CoV-2Adjuvants, ImmunologicBCG VaccineCOVID-19 Vaccines
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Registered trials
NCT04327206ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07094711ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.