ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2023
The relationship between women's breastfeeding empowerment and conformity to feminine norms.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Supporting breastfeeding together: the role of fathers' attitude and self-efficacy in enhancing mothers' breastfeeding empowerment.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Flip Chart based on the Interactive Theory of Breastfeeding: development and validation of an educational technology.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2026Observational
- Article
- Translation and validation of the Breastfeeding Motivation Scale in China.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWomen empowerment is effective in successful breastfeeding. Hence,identifying the relationship between psychosocial factors, such as acceptance of feminine norms, and empowerment can be beneficial in designing interventions.. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between breastfeeding empowerment and conformity to feminine norms.
methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 288 primiparous mothers in the postpartum period using validated questionnaires of conformity to gender norms and breastfeeding empowerment in the following domains: "sufficient knowledge and skills for breastfeeding," "a sense of breastfeeding competence," "conscious belief in the value of breastfeeding," "overcoming breastfeeding problems," "negotiation and obtaining family support" and "self-efficacy in breastfeeding" which were completed through the self-report method. Data were analyzed using the multivariate linear regression test.
resultsThe mean score of 'conformity to feminine norms' and 'breastfeeding empowerment' were 142.39 and 144.14, respectively. The score of breastfeeding empowerment was positively related to conformity to feminine norms (p = 0.003). Among the dimensions of breastfeeding empowerment, 'mothers' adequate knowledge and skills for breastfeeding' (p = 0.001), 'belief in the value of breastfeeding' (p = 0.008), and 'negotiation and obtaining family support' (p = 0.01) were positively related to conformity to feminine norms.
conclusionsThe results indicate a positive relationship between the level of conformity to feminine norms and breastfeeding empowerment. Accordingly, it is recommended that supporting breastfeeding as a valuable role of women be considered in programs designed to improve breastfeeding empowerment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.