ArticleJournal of health and social behavior2023
The Effect of Welfare State Policy Spending on the Equalization of Socioeconomic Status Disparities in Mental Health.
Article in Journal of health and social behavior, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The divergent roles of childhood literacy and food availability in cognitive aging: evidence from two Chinese longitudinal datasets.The Gerontologist · 2026Observational
- When caring comes at a cost: Psychological wellbeing of unpaid and paid carers and the role of social expenditure.Journal of European social policy · 2026Article
- The Associations Between Income and Depression: A Cross-National Analysis.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- Debt Collection Pressure and Mental Health: Evidence from a Cohort of U.S. Young Adults.Journal of health and social behavior · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This article examines whether and how the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and depression is modified by welfare state spending using the 2006, 2012, and 2014 survey rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS) merged with macroeconomic data from the World Bank, Eurostat, and SOCX database (N = 87,466). Welfare state spending effort divided between social investment and social protection spending modifies the classic inverse relationship between SES and depression. Distinguishing policy areas in both social investment and social protection spending demonstrates that policy programs devoted to education, early childhood education and care, active labor market policies, old age care, and incapacity account for differences in the effect of SES across countries. Our analysis finds that social investment policies better explain cross-national differences in the effect of SES on depression, implying policies focused earlier in the life course matter more for understanding social disparities in the mental health of populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.