ArticleTransplantation direct2023
Cognitive Impairment in Liver Transplant Recipients With a History of Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review.
Article in Transplantation direct, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cognitive Performance After Kidney and Liver Transplantation: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The Influence of Social and Psychological Factors on Cognition Among Liver Transplant Recipients.Progress in transplantation (Aliso Viejo, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Social Drivers of Health and Cognition in Cirrhosis: A Scoping Review.Clinical nursing research · 2025Article
- Cognitive Performance in Patients With Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Undergoing Liver Transplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Article
- Cognitive impairment in patients awaiting kidney and liver transplantation-A clinically relevant problem?Brain and behavior · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is common among patients with cirrhosis and may persist post-transplantation. This systematic review seeks to (1) describe the prevalence of cognitive impairment in liver transplant (LT) recipients with a history of cirrhosis, (2) describe risk factors for this population, and (3) describe associations between post-transplant cognitive impairment and quality outcome measures. Methods: Studies in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Controlled Trials were included through May 2022. Inclusion criteria included (1) population - LT recipient, age ≥18 y, (2) exposure - history of cirrhosis before transplant, and (3) outcome - cognitive impairment after transplant (per validated cognitive testing). Exclusion criteria included (1) wrong study type, (2) abstract-only publication, (3) full-text unavailable, (4) wrong population, (5) wrong exposure, and (6) wrong outcome. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations system was used to assess evidence certainty. Data from individual tests were categorized into six cognitive domains: attention, executive function, working memory, long-term memory, visuospatial, and language. Results: Twenty-four studies were included covering 847 patients. Follow-up ranged from 1 mo to 1.8 y after LT. Studies had a median of 30 (interquartile range 21.5-50.5) patients. The prevalence of cognitive impairment after LT ranged from 0% to 36%. Forty-three unique cognitive tests were used, the most common being the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score. The most frequently assessed cognitive domains were attention (10 studies) and executive function (10 studies). Conclusions: The prevalence of cognitive impairment after LT varied across studies depending on cognitive tests utilized and follow-up duration. Attention and executive function were most impacted. Generalizability is limited due to small sample size and heterogeneous methodology. Further studies are needed to examine differences in the prevalence of post-LT cognitive impairment by etiology, risk factors, and ideal cognitive measures.
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Registered trials
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