ArticleBMC public health2023
Global, regional, and national trends of syphilis from 1990 to 2019: the 2019 global burden of disease study.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Factors influencing adult and adolescent completion of treatment for late syphilis: a mixed methods systematic review.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Pooled it
- Putative mechanisms of ocular inflammation in syphilis.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2026Review
- Acute neurosyphilis as a cause of death in the 21st century - autopsy case report in a prisoner.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- Syphilis: A Need for Renewed Focus and Attention Across Health Systems.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Article
- Healthcare Professionals' Perspectives on the Direct Referral Pathway for Syphilis Management in Western Sydney.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Infectious diseases in pregnancy in Sri Lanka: gaps in surveillance, diagnosis, and policy: a scoping review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- High Prevalence of Haemophilus ducreyi Among Patients With Suspected Primary syphilis in Malawi, 2019-2022.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Molecular Diagnosis of Syphilis in Brazilian Ambulatory Patients: Detection ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid combined with machine learning improve the diagnostic accuracy and predict the progression of neurosyphilis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Influence of academic year on dental student's knowledge about syphilis and its oral manifestations.Brazilian oral research · 2026Article
- Epidemiological trends of reported syphilis incidence in Xihu district, Hangzhou, China, 2005-2025.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Trend in the detection rate of syphilis among older adults: time series analysis, Brazil, 2014-2023.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2026Article
- Expanding treatment options for syphilis during pregnancy: a review of alternatives to penicillin.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Review
- Conditional cash transfer interventions to support syphilis treatment in vulnerable populations: a quasi-experimental study among displaced and host communities in a border city of Colombia.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Diagnostic importance of Treponema pallidum Tp0971 in the serological assessment of treatment efficacy for syphilis.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2025Article
- Demographic inaccuracies and biases in the depiction of patients by artificial intelligence text-to-image generators.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Population Prevalence and Correlates of Syphilis in Rural, Southwestern Uganda.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Expanding Horizons in Syphilis Treatment: Challenges, Advances, and Opportunities for Alternative Antibiotics.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- The Role of Traditional and Reverse Algorithms in the Diagnosis of Syphilis in HIV-Infected Individuals: A Case Study on Istanbul.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSyphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum, and the infection source is syphilis patients. This study aimed to estimate the incidence, mortality rate, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of syphilis to improve the understanding of the current global situation of syphilis.
methodsThis study collected data on syphilis incidence, mortality, and DALYs from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease database.
resultsThe global number of incident cases and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased from 8,845,220 (95% UI: 6,562,510-11,588,860) in 1990 to 14,114,110 (95% UI: 10,648,490-18,415,970) in 2019 and 160.03/100,000 persons (95% UI: 120.66-208.1) to 178.48/100,000 persons (95% UI: 134.94-232.34), respectively. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the ASIR was 0.16 (95% CI: 0.07-0.26). The EAPC in the ASIR associated with high and high-middle sociodemographic indices increased. The ASIR increased among males but decreased among females, and the incidence peaked among males and females between the ages of 20 and 30 years. The EAPCs in the age-standardized death rate and age-standardized DALY rate decreased.
conclusionsThe incidence and ASIR of syphilis increased worldwide from 1990 to 2019. Only the regions with high and high-middle sociodemographic indices showed an increase in the ASIR. Moreover, the ASIR increased among males but decreased among females. The age-standardized death rate and DALY rate both declined worldwide. The increase in the global ASIR of syphilis is a challenge.
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