ArticleNature biotechnology2024
A microneedle vaccine printer for thermostable COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.
Article in Nature biotechnology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dissolving microneedles for nucleic acid delivery: A systematic search, review, and data synthesis.Acta biomaterialia · 2025Pooled it
- Driving Drugs Deeper: Force-Driven Microneedle Systems for Active Therapy and Their Road Towards Clinical Implementation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- AI-guided optimization for thermostable mRNA vaccines.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Microneedles for Vaccination: Mechanistic Foundations, Materials Innovation, Clinical Translation, and Global Health Implementation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Therapy: Unresolved Challenges in Manufacturing, Transdermal Delivery, Machine Learning, Endosomal Escape, and the Protein Corona.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Next-Generation Nanocarrier Platforms for RNA Vaccines: Advances in Formulation, Stability Engineering, and Translational Manufacturing Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Development of a microneedle patch for delivery of mRNA-lipid nanoparticles.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Lipoic Acid Derivative/PEI Composite Nanoparticles Enable Efficient mRNA Delivery via Thiol-Mediated Cellular Uptake.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Article
- Am80-lipid nanoparticles serve as an enteric mucosal adjuvant following parenteral immunization with inactivated polio vaccine.Science advances · 2026Article
- Engineered 3D-Lattice Microneedle Array Patches for Enhanced Nanovaccine Delivery to Dendritic Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy.ACS nano · 2026Article
- Transdermal Delivery of an mRNA-Liposome Vaccine via Dissolving Microneedle to Preserve Vaccine Activity and Enhance Immune Activation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Bionic microneedles: Design inspired by bionics and its applications in medicine.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Emerging and Prospective Engineering Technologies Enabling Microneedle Based Vaccine Therapeutics.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Pharmaceutical design of mRNA vaccines for endemic infectious diseases: integrating antigen discovery with platform engineering.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2026Review
- Article
- An innovative and stable mRNA-LNP microneedle vaccine elicits humoral and multifunctional cellular immune responses.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Carbon Quantum Dots Assisted Virus Tracking: From Skin to Brain.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Microneedle Delivery of Small Extracellular Vesicles From Young Blood to Treat Endothelial Senescence.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Smart micro/nanoneedles for gene delivery.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Booster Immunisation with Skin-Patch-Delivered Unadjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Vaccine Is Safe and Immunogenic in Healthy Adults.Vaccines · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Decentralized manufacture of thermostable mRNA vaccines in a microneedle patch (MNP) format could enhance vaccine access in low-resource communities by eliminating the need for a cold chain and trained healthcare personnel. Here we describe an automated process for printing MNP Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines in a standalone device. The vaccine ink is composed of lipid nanoparticles loaded with mRNA and a dissolvable polymer blend that was optimized for high bioactivity by screening formulations in vitro. We demonstrate that the resulting MNPs are shelf stable for at least 6 months at room temperature when assessed using a model mRNA construct. Vaccine loading efficiency and microneedle dissolution suggest that efficacious, microgram-scale doses of mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles could be delivered with a single patch. Immunizations in mice using manually produced MNPs with mRNA encoding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein receptor-binding domain stimulate long-term immune responses similar to those of intramuscular administration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.