ArticleScientific reports2023
Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in Western Iran.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chemical Components in the Breast Milk of Passive Smoker Women: A Systematic Review and Health Risks Assessment.Biological trace element research · 2025Pooled it
- The Concentration of Essential and Non-Essential Elements of Colostrum, Correlation with Blood Samples of calves, Estimated Daily Intakes and Supplemental Ratio.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Article
- Human Milk as a Biomonitor of Toxic Metal Exposure: Sources, Transfer Mechanisms, and Implications for Infant Health-A Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Health Risk Assessment of Metal(loid) Contamination in Raw Cow's Milk from the Colombian Caribbean Region.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Heavy Metal Levels in Maternal Blood and Breast Milk and Associated Risk Factors.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Observational
- The Association Between Maternal Dietary Intake and the Risk of Heavy Metals in Human Breast Milk in Korea.Toxics · 2025Article
- Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic and essential elements in medicinal plants consumed in Zabol, Iran, using the Monte Carlo simulation method.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- High arsenic contamination in the breast milk of mothers inhabiting the Gangetic plains of Bihar: a major health risk to infants.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
- The effects of active and passive smoking on selected trace element levels in human milk.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the human health risk of some toxic metals/metalloids [lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As)] on infants via consumption of the breast milk of women living in urban areas of Kermanshah city, west of Iran. After collecting milk samples, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment as well as uncertainty analysis of toxic metal levels were carried out. The order of concentration of heavy metals/metalloids in the breast milk samples was Cr (41.07 ± 23.19) > Ni (19.25 ± 11.81) > Pb (11.5 ± 4.48) > As (1.96 ± 2.04) > Cd (.72 ± 0.42) > Hg (0.31 ± 0.26). The results revealed that the levels of Cr and Pb in the breast milk samples were exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) tolerable daily intake. In the breast milk samples a high levels of one of the trace elements As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni were observed (over 73%) and in 40% of them the levels of Cr, Pb, Cd, As, and Ni were all above WHO tolerable daily intake. Moreover, the As-related point assessment of target risk factor (THQ) was higher than the allowable limit only for 1-month-old male neonates and 2-month-old female neonates (THQ > 1). In addition, Cr-related THQ scores were higher at all age and gender groups (THQ > 1). In conclusion, our findings suggest a potential risk of some metals for infants via the consumption of mothers' breast milk.
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