ArticleCommunications medicine2023
Impact of age and comorbidities on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced T cell immunity.
Article in Communications medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- How age and sex interaction is associated with immune aging with implications for vaccines and age-related autoimmunity.npj aging · 2026Review
- A population-based retrospective machine learning study of COVID-19 severity using integrated clinical and viral genomic data in Jiangsu Province, China.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Pooled analyses of Clostridioides difficile vaccine trials identify baseline predictors for vaccine response.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Optimizing COVID-19 vaccination strategies for high-risk populations: potential and challenges of combining heterologous boosting with respiratory mucosal delivery.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- An outlook on clinical and demographic variables in patients with severe COVID-19 across different waves in Mexico and SARS-CoV-2 variants: data from two high-specialty centers.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Signatures of Trained Immunity Following mRNA Vaccination: Differences Between mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Association of Azvudine with severe outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during an omicron-dominance period in Wuhan, China: a single-center, retrospective, matched cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Predicting SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Underserved Racial/Ethnic Minority People Living with HIV.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Optimal Timing of Vaccination: A Narrative Review of Integrating Strategies for COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
- Assessment of the prevalence of respiratory pathogens and the level of immunity to respiratory viruses in soldiers and civilian military employees in Poland.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Circulating SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibody responses in cancer patients following multiple COVID-19 vaccination boosters.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in Ghana.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 IgG responses in hemodialysis patients and healthcare workers after COVID-19 vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Factors Influencing COVID-19 Viral Clearance: Implications for Vaccination and Antiviral Therapy.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Mass cytometry reveals cellular correlates of immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the elderly.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- Benefits of Repeated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Virus-induced Cross-neutralization Potential in Immunocompromised Transplant Patients and Healthy Individuals.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Evaluation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 T-Cell Immunity Over 2 Years Following Vaccination and Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOlder age and chronic disease are important risk factors for developing severe COVID-19. At population level, vaccine-induced immunity substantially reduces the risk of severe COVID-19 disease and hospitalization. However, the relative impact of humoral and cellular immunity on protection from breakthrough infection and severe disease is not fully understood.
methodsIn a study cohort of 655 primarily older study participants (median of 63 years (IQR: 51-72)), we determined serum levels of Spike IgG antibodies using a Multiantigen Serological Assay and quantified the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells using activation induced marker assay. This enabled characterization of suboptimal vaccine-induced cellular immunity. The risk factors of being a cellular hypo responder were assessed using logistic regression. Further follow-up of study participants allowed for an evaluation of the impact of T cell immunity on breakthrough infections.
resultsWe show reduced serological immunity and frequency of CD4 + Spike-specific T cells in the oldest age group (≥75 years) and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) categories. Male sex, age group ≥75 years, and CCI > 0 is associated with an increased likelihood of being a cellular hypo-responder while vaccine type is a significant risk factor. Assessing breakthrough infections, no protective effect of T cell immunity is identified.
conclusionsSARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific immune responses in both the cellular and serological compartment of the adaptive immune system increase with each vaccine dose and are progressively lower with older age and higher prevalence of comorbidities. The findings contribute to the understanding of the vaccine response in individuals with increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease and hospitalization.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.