ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2023
Bacterial defences: mechanisms, evolution and antimicrobial resistance.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Chronic Infections as Catalysts for Melanoma Aggressiveness: Insights into Tumour Microenvironment Modulation.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Pooled it
- Repurposing Ponatinib Hydrochloride as an Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Agent Against Multidrug-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Revealing the secrets of quorum sensing: a comprehensive review from signal mechanisms to practical applications.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Bacterial adaptation to essential oils and their main compounds in food systems: mechanisms related to antibacterial resistance.NPJ science of food · 2026Review
- Dopamine polymerization-mediated surface functionalization of living cells for advanced therapeutic applications.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Implications of proteome allocation constraints for understanding interbacterial antagonism.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2026Review
- Cobalt and nickel ion synergy promotes gene amplification and stable metal resistance inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Beyond proteolysis: rational modification of mucin-derived peptidomimetics with enhanced metal-mediated antimicrobial activity.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Dual-Modal Phototherapeutic Nanoagents Eradicating Drug-Resistant Bacteria via Multi-Pathway of Membrane Disruption, Oxidative Damage, and Energy Metabolism Interference.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reprograms resistance by inducing sensitization in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Microbiome Therapeutic Candidates for Carbapenem-ResistantJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Contributions of intra- and extracellular antibiotic degradation to collective [Formula: see text]-lactam survival.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Harmonizing Rigidity and Flexibility: Embedding COF Quantum Dots Into Extracellular Matrix Gel as Carbon Monoxide Depot for Acoustically Triggered Time-Programmable Anti-Infective Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Physical encounters impose a consistency-amount trade-off on bacterial group formation in marine environments.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Phage-guided rapid enrichment of copper-protocatechuic acid nanoparticles for targeted antibacterial therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Silver-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes as emerging strategies against antimicrobial resistance.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- RelBE-mediated stress responses reshape cellular morphology ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Diversity of Pharmaceuticals Enhances Antibiotic Resistance in the Invertebrate Gut via Biofilm-Mediated Mechanisms.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Minimal Computational Framework for Systematic Identification of Antimicrobial Targets.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Throughout their evolutionary history, bacteria have faced diverse threats from other microorganisms, including competing bacteria, bacteriophages and predators. In response to these threats, they have evolved sophisticated defence mechanisms that today also protect bacteria against antibiotics and other therapies. In this Review, we explore the protective strategies of bacteria, including the mechanisms, evolution and clinical implications of these ancient defences. We also review the countermeasures that attackers have evolved to overcome bacterial defences. We argue that understanding how bacteria defend themselves in nature is important for the development of new therapies and for minimizing resistance evolution.
Indexed as
Identifiers
37095190What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.