ArticleNeurology2023
Biological Mechanism of Sex Difference in Stroke Manifestation and Outcomes.
Open access · hybridAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
8.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Sex Differences in the Protective Effect of Brain Volume: Age Attenuates Protection in Women.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Sex-Based Efficacy of Endovascular Thrombectomy Techniques in LVO Stroke: A Multicenter Registry Analysis.Stroke · 2026Article
- Global Burden and Projections of Stroke Related to High Fasting Plasma Glucose in Young Adults: A Comparative Analysis From 1990 to 2050.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Sex differences in ex vivo cytokine production and their association with outcome following ischemic stroke.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Clinical Features and Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke among Young Filipino Adults.Acta medica Philippina · 2026Article
- Attributable risk and time trend in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke mortality due to high sodium intake in Zhenjiang City from 2010 to 2021: an Age-Period-Cohort (APC) analysis.Frontiers in stroke · 2026Article
- Sex-specific effects of methylprednisolone on outcomes after endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion: A secondary analysis of the MARVEL trial.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Deriving a Simple Clinical Predictive Score for Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke (PCS-SCORE).Journal of central nervous system disease · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in the Protective Effect of Brain Volume: Age Attenuates Protection in Females.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Distinct spatiotemporal patterns of white matter hyperintensity progression.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Multicenter Validation of Artificial Intelligence Predicting Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Using Noncontrast Head CT.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Associations of pain phenotypes and pain relief medications with stroke and its subtypes: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Segmentation of Leukoaraiosis on Noncontrast Head CT Using CT-MRI Paired Data Without Human Annotation.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Fatty Acid Ratios Versus Conventional Risk Factors in Stroke: Insights into Severe Disability and Mortality Outcomes.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic variations in the proportions of stroke attributable to reproductive profiles among postmenopausal women in China.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Sex differences in age-associated neurological diseases-A roadmap for reliable and high-yield research.Science advances · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- Sex is not an independent predictor of 90-day outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Wi-Sun RyuFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Jinyong ChungFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Dawid SchellingerhoutFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-3659-435X
Sang-Wuk JeongFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Hang-Rai KimFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. kdongeog@duih.org.
Jung E ParkFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Beom Joon KimFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. kdongeog@duih.org.ORCID 0000-0002-2719-3012
Joon-Tae KimFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. kdongeog@duih.org.
Keun-Sik HongFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Kyungbok LeeFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Tai Hwan ParkFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Sang-Soon ParkFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Jong-Moo ParkFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Kyusik KangFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-4021-4439
Yong-Jin ChoFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-6965-0771
Hong-Kyun ParkFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Byung-Chul LeeFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Kyung-Ho YuFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-8997-5626
Mi Sun OhFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Soo Joo LeeFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-8622-7000
Jae Guk KimFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. kdongeog@duih.org.
Jae-Kwan ChaFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Dae-Hyun KimFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. kdongeog@duih.org.
Jun LeeFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Moon-Ku HanFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Man Seok ParkFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Kang-Ho ChoiFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Juneyoung LeeFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Hee-Joon BaeFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-0051-1997
Dong-Eog KimFrom the Department of Neurology (W.-S.R., S.-W.J., H.-R.K., J.E.P., D.-E.K.), Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital; National Priority Research Center for Stroke (W.-S.R., J.C., D.-E.K.), Goyang, South Korea; Departments of Neuroradiology and Imaging Physics (D.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Neurology (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam; Department of Neurology (J.-T.K., M.S.P., K.-H.C.), Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju; Department of Neurology (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C., H.-K.P.), Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang; Department of Neurology (K.L.), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul; Department of Neurology (T.H.P., S.-S.P.), Seoul Medical Center; Department of Neurology (J.-M.P.), Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center; Department of Neurology (K.K.), Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.S.O.), Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang; Department of Neurology (S.J.L., J.G.K.), Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon; Department of Neurology (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.), Dong-A University Hospital, Busan; Department of Neurology (Jun Lee), Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu; and Department of Biostatistics (Juneyoung Lee), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. kdongeog@duih.org.
National Cancer Center · US
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesFemale patients tend to have greater disability and worse long-term outcomes after stroke than male patients. To date, the biological basis of sex difference in ischemic stroke remains unclear. We aimed to (1) assess sex differences in clinical manifestation and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke and (2) investigate whether the sex disparity is due to different infarct locations or different impacts of infarct in the same location.
methodsThis MRI-based multicenter study included 6,464 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke (<7 days) from 11 centers in South Korea (May 2011-January 2013). Multivariable statistical and brain mapping methods were used to analyze clinical and imaging data collected prospectively: admission NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, early neurologic deterioration (END) within 3 weeks, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months, and culprit cerebrovascular lesion (symptomatic large artery steno-occlusion and cerebral infarction) locations.
resultsThe mean (SD) age was 67.5 (12.6) years, and 2,641 (40.9%) were female patients. Percentage infarct volumes on diffusion-weighted MRI did not differ between female patients and male patients (median 0.14% vs 0.14%, DISCUSSION: Female patients have more frequent MCA disease and striatocapsular motor pathway involvement with acute ischemic stroke, along with left parieto-occipital cortical infarcts showing greater severity for equivalent infarct volumes than in male patients. This leads to more severe initial neurologic symptoms, higher susceptibility to neurologic worsening, and less 3-month functional independence, when compared with male patients.
Indexed as
Brain IschemiaIschemic StrokeStrokeAgedCerebral InfarctionFemaleHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesSex CharacteristicsTreatment Outcome
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