ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
The temporal structure of REM sleep shows minute-scale fluctuations across brain and body in mice and humans.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The entropic brain today.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
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- REM-sleep twitching in adults and the maintenance of specialized sensorimotor systems.Current biology : CB · 2026Review
- Sleep-dependent infraslow rhythms are evolutionarily conserved across reptiles and mammals.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Dynamic Respiration-Neural Coupling in Substantia Nigra across Sleep and Anesthesia.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- REM sleep prefrontal ripple chains mediate distinct cortical-hippocampal reactivation patterns compared to NREM ripples.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Aperiodic neural activity distinguishes between phasic and tonic REM sleep.Journal of sleep research · 2025Article
- Heartbeat-related activity in the anterior thalamus differs between phasic and tonic REM sleep.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Arousal threshold reveals novel neural markers of sleep depth independently from the conventional sleep stages.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Neural circuits and emotional processing in rapid eye movement sleep.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Thalamocortical Dynamics during Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in the Mouse Somatosensory Pathway.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Consciousness and sleep.Neuron · 2024Review
- Using spectral continuity to extract breathing rate from heart rate and its applications in sleep physiology.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- The temporal structure of REM sleep shows minute-scale fluctuations across brain and body in mice and humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Rapid eye movement sleep (REM) is believed to have a binary temporal structure with "phasic" and "tonic" microstates, characterized by motoric activity versus quiescence, respectively. However, we observed in mice that the frequency of theta activity (a marker of rodent REM) fluctuates in a nonbinary fashion, with the extremes of that fluctuation correlating with phasic-type and tonic-type facial motricity. Thus, phasic and tonic REM may instead represent ends of a continuum. These cycles of brain physiology and facial movement occurred at 0.01 to 0.06 Hz, or infraslow frequencies, and affected cross-frequency coupling and neuronal activity in the neocortex, suggesting network functional impact. We then analyzed human data and observed that humans also demonstrate nonbinary phasic/tonic microstates, with continuous 0.01 to 0.04-Hz respiratory rate cycles matching the incidence of eye movements. These fundamental properties of REM can yield insights into our understanding of sleep health.
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