ArticlePloS one2023
Changes in consumer purchasing patterns at New York City chain restaurants following adoption of the sodium warning icon rule, 2015-2017.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2016, New York City (NYC) began enforcing a sodium warning regulation at chain restaurants, requiring placement of an icon next to any menu item containing ≥2,300 mg sodium. As shifts in consumer purchases are a potential outcome of menu labeling, we investigated whether high-sodium purchases from NYC chains changed following policy implementation. Using receipts for verification, consumer purchases were assessed at 2 full-service (FSR) and 2 quick-service (QSR) chain restaurants in NYC and Yonkers, NY, which did not implement sodium menu labeling, in 2015 and 2017. Primary outcomes included the proportion of respondents purchasing high-sodium item(s) (containing ≥2,300 mg sodium) and mean sodium content of purchases; changes were assessed by difference-in-difference regression models, adjusted for demographic and location co-variates. At both FSR and QSR, there was not a significant change in the proportion of NYC respondents purchasing 1 or more high-sodium items, relative to Yonkers (FSR difference-in-difference: -4.6%, p = 0.364; QSR difference-in-difference: -8.9%, p = 0.196). Among NYC FSR respondents, mean sodium content of purchases significantly declined compared to Yonkers (difference-in-difference: -524 mg, p = 0.012); no changes in mean sodium were observed among QSR participants (difference-in-difference: 258 mg, p = 0.185). Although there was a reduction in mean sodium content of purchases among NYC FSR patrons following sodium warning icon implementation, the mechanism behind the relatively larger NYC decline is unknown.
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