ArticleJournal of Parkinson's disease2023
Parkinsonian Hand or Clinician's Eye? Finger Tap Bradykinesia Interrater Reliability for 21 Movement Disorder Experts.
Article in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- AI Video Analysis in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of the Most Accurate Computer Vision Tools for Diagnosis, Symptom Monitoring, and Therapy Management.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Computer Vision Technologies in Movement Disorders: A Systematic Review.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Pooled it
- Kinetic-rest tremor dominance for differentiating dystonic tremor from Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Tracking the longitudinal progression of Bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease from videos using VisionMD.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- A Self-Administered, Digitized Approach to Quantifying the Cardinal Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Computer Vision Analysis for Objective Motor Assessment in Parkinson's Disease: A Retrospective Study.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Digital Technologies for Symptom Monitoring in Parkinson Disease.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Utilizing an Augmented Reality Headset to Accurately Quantify Lower Extremity Function in Parkinson's Disease.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Automated video analysis for early detection of bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Accessible assessment of motor and cognitive symptoms in Parkinson's disease: integrating large datasets, machine-learning, and videoconferencing.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluating climbing interventions for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- User Experiences of Limb-Worn Wearable Devices for Monitoring Parkinson Disease Motor Function and Blood Pressure: Usability Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Validation of the Comprehensive Augmented Reality Testing Platform to Quantify Parkinson's Disease Fine Motor Performance.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Computer vision uncovers three fundamental dimensions of levodopa-responsive motor improvement in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Improving reliability of movement assessment in Parkinson's disease using computer vision-based automated severity estimation.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Measuring neurological severity and complexity in acute setting: the modified Neurological Impairment Scale.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Neurophysiological markers of motor compensatory mechanisms in early Parkinson's disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Clinical and kinematic characterization of parkinsonian soft signs in essential tremor.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Article
- Objective assessment of the effects of opicapone in Parkinson's disease through kinematic analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Artificial intelligence analysis of videos to augment clinical assessment: an overview.Neural regeneration research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBradykinesia is considered the fundamental motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is central to diagnosis, monitoring, and research outcomes. However, as a clinical sign determined purely by visual judgement, the reliability of humans to detect and measure bradykinesia remains unclear.
objectiveTo establish interrater reliability for expert neurologists assessing bradykinesia during the finger tapping test, without cues from additional examination or history.
methods21 movement disorder neurologists rated finger tapping bradykinesia, by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and Modified Bradykinesia Rating Scale (MBRS), in 133 videos of hands: 73 from 39 people with idiopathic PD, 60 from 30 healthy controls. Each neurologist rated 30 randomly-selected videos. 19 neurologists were also asked to judge whether the hand was PD or control. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for absolute agreement and consistency of MDS-UPDRS ratings, using standard linear and cumulative linked mixed models.
resultsThere was only moderate agreement for finger tapping MDS-UPDRS between neurologists, ICC 0.53 (standard linear model) and 0.65 (cumulative linked mixed model). Among control videos, 53% were rated > 0 by MDS-UPDRS, and 24% were rated as bradykinesia by MBRS subscore combination. Neurologists correctly identified PD/control status in 70% of videos, without strictly following bradykinesia presence/absence.
conclusionEven experts show considerable disagreement about the level of bradykinesia on finger tapping, and frequently see bradykinesia in the hands of those without neurological disease. Bradykinesia is to some extent a phenomenon in the eye of the clinician rather than simply the hand of the person with PD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.