ArticleResuscitation plus2023
Automated external defibrillator delivery by drone in mountainous regions to support basic life support - A simulation study.
Article in Resuscitation plus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deployment, dispatch, and delivery: a scoping review of drone-delivered AED for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Perceptions of older people regarding drone-delivered defibrillators for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a qualitative study.British paramedic journal · 2025Article
- Drones delivering automated external defibrillators for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A scoping review.Resuscitation plus · 2025Review
- Facing the Obstacles of OHCA Response: Integrating First Responders With Drone Delivery for AED Deployment.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Challenges & barriers for real-time integration of drones in emergency cardiac care: Lessons from the United States, Sweden, & Canada.Resuscitation plus · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with poor survival rates. Factors that may enable survival include cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) initiated by bystanders and early use of an automated external defibrillator (AED). This explorative simulation study was conceptualized to test the feasibility of a semi-autonomously operating drone that delivers an AED to a remote emergency location and its bystander-use. Methods: Ten paramedics and nineteen laypersons were confronted with a manikin simulating an OHCA as single bystanders within a field test located in a mountainous region between Austria and Slovenia. The scenario included a mock-call to the local emergency response center that dispatched a drone towards the caller's GPS coordinates and supported the ongoing CPR. The outcomes were the successful delivery of the AED, the time to the first shock, hands-off times, and the overall performance of the CPR. Results: The AED was delivered by drone and used in all 29 scenarios without serious adverse events. The flight time of the drone was in median 5:20 (range: 1:35-8:19) minutes. The paramedics delivered the first shock after a mean of 12:15 ± 2:03 min and hands-off times were 50 ± 22 s. The laypersons delivered the first shock after 14:04 ± 2:10 min and hands-off times were 2:11 ± 0:39 min. All participants felt confident in the handling of the delivered AED. Conclusion: The delivery and usage of an AED via a semi-autonomously flying drone in a remote region is feasible. This approach can lead to early administration of shocks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.