ArticleFrontiers in neurology2023
Clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in patients with traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, or multiple sclerosis: An observational longitudinal study.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04673240 (CLINICAL EFFECT OF BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A IN THE TREATMENT OF SPASTICITY AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY, SPINAL CORD INJURY OR IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clinical effect of botulinum toxin type a in the treatment of spasticity after traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury or in multiple sclerosis patients: an observational study
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The use of botulinum toxin for spasticity in people with spinal cord injury: a scoping review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- Botulinum toxin treatment for multiple sclerosis and post-stroke spasticity in clinical practice: differences in injection doses and patterns.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- A Multicenter, Retrospective, Real-World Study of Treatment Outcomes Following on-label AbobotulinumtoxinA Injections for Adult Focal Spasticity in the United Kingdom.NeuroRehabilitation · 2025Article
- Botulinum Toxin Therapy: A Comprehensive Review on Clinical and Pharmacological Insights.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Botulinum Therapy for Pain Caused by Spasticity in Advanced Stages of Brain Tumor in Adolescents: A Case Report.Clinical medicine insights. Case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Classification of upper limb spasticity patterns in patients with multiple sclerosis: a pilot observational study.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2024Observational
- Multiple sclerosis and spasticity: the role of anaesthetic nerve blocks on rectus femoris muscle. When should stiff knee be treated with botulinum toxin?Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2024Observational
- Post-stroke spasticity: follow-up and functional implications of chronic long-term treatment with botulinum toxin.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024Observational
- Review
- The Role of Botulinum Toxin Type-A in Spasticity: Research Trends from a Bibliometric Analysis.Toxins · 2024Review
- Virtual Reality for Decreasing Procedural Pain during Botulinum Toxin Injection Related to Spasticity Treatment in Adults: A Pilot Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is the treatment of choice for focal spasticity, with a concomitant effect on pain reduction and improvement of quality of life (QoL). Current evidence of its efficacy is based mainly on post stroke spasticity. This study aims to clarify the role of BoNT-A in the context of non-stroke spasticity (NSS). We enrolled 86 patients affected by multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and traumatic brain injury with clinical indication to perform BoNT-A treatment. Subjects were evaluated before injection and after 1, 3, and 6 months. At every visit, spasticity severity using the modified Ashworth scale, pain using the numeric rating scale, QoL using the Euro Qol Group EQ-5D-5L, and the perceived treatment effect using the Global Assessment of Efficacy scale were recorded. In our population BoNT-A demonstrated to have a significant effect in improving all the outcome variables, with different effect persistence over time in relation to the diagnosis and the number of treated sites. Our results support BoNT-A as a modifier of the disability condition and suggest its implementation in the treatment of NSS, delivering a possible starting point to generate diagnosis-specific follow-up programs. Clinical trial identifier: NCT04673240.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.