ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2023
Hemodynamic assessment in children after cardiac surgery: A pilot study on the value of infrared thermography.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uses of infrared thermography in acute illness: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Trends and Challenges in Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Neonates Following Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Clinical Utility of Infrared Thermography in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review of Surgical and Nonsurgical Applications.Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric SurgeonsReview
- Heat for Healing: A Review of Infrared Thermography in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy.Journal of medical physicsReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Low cardiac output syndrome in the postoperative period after cardiac surgery leads to an increase in tissue oxygen extraction, assessed by the oxygen extraction ratio. Measurement of the oxygen extraction ratio requires blood gases to be taken. However, the temperature of the skin and various parts of the body is a direct result of blood flow distribution and can be monitored using infrared thermography. Thus, we conducted a prospective clinical study to evaluate the correlation between the thermal gradient obtained by infrared thermography and the oxygen extraction ratio in children at risk for low cardiac output after cardiac surgery. Methods: Children aged 0 to 18 years, having undergone cardiac surgery with cardio-pulmonary bypass in a pediatric intensive care unit were included in the study. One to 4 thermal photos were taken per patient using the FLIR One Pro thermal imaging camera. The thermal gradient between the central temperature of the inner canthus of the eye and the peripheral temperature was compared to the concomitant oxygen extraction ratio calculated from blood gases. Results: 41 patients were included with a median age of 6 months (IQR 3-48) with median Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery-1 score was 2 (IQR 2-3). Eighty nine thermal photos were analyzed. The median thermal gradient was 2.5 °C (IQR 1,01-4.04). The median oxygen extraction ratio was 35% (IQR 26-42). Nine patients had an oxygen extraction ratio ≥ 50%. A significant but weak correlation was found between the thermal gradient and the oxygen extraction ratio (Spearman's test Conclusion: In this pilot study, which included mainly children without severe cardiac output decrease, a significant but weak correlation between thermal gradient by infrared thermography and oxygen extraction ratio after pediatric cardiac surgery was observed. Infrared thermography is a promising non-invasive technology that could be included in multimodal monitoring of postoperative cardiac surgery patients. However, a clinical trial including more severe children is needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.