ArticleCureus2023
Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy: Physical and Sociopsychological Effects, Impact and Satisfaction.
Article in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative effects of sex hormones on hair growth and patient satisfaction.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of sex hormones on postoperative outcomes in plastic surgery: a narrative review.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Review
- The Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Quality of Life: The Importance of Research on Youth.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Gender dysphoria treatment includes gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). Studies are still lacking on how to characterize its effects and impact on transgender people's lives more effectively. Aim To study the physical and psychological effects of GAHT on transgender individuals, assess its impact on their lives, and rate their overall satisfaction. Methods Participants (n = 114; ages 18-62 years; median age 24.0 (21.0 - 33.0) years) included transgender adults residing in Portugal who were undergoing or had undergone hormonal therapy for at least one uninterrupted year. Participants completed an original questionnaire. For most items, an ordinal Likert-style scale ranging from 0 (worst result) to 6 (best result) was used. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests, including Pearson's chi-squared test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze categorical and continuous variables, with a significance level set at 0.05. Outcomes The outcomes included desired physical changes rating (perception and satisfaction with changes); side effects of GAHT; the sociopsychological impact of GAHT (on self-esteem, body image, psychological wellbeing, social and family relations); overall satisfaction (with treatment results and medical follow-up). Results The changes classified as the most perceptible in those undergoing masculinizing treatment (Group M) were amenorrhea (6 (5.0-6.0) points) and clitoris enlargement (6 (5.0-6.0) points). These were also the ones rated as the most satisfactory (6 (6.0-6.0) points for amenorrhea and 6 (4.0-6.0) points for clitoris enlargement). On those undergoing feminizing therapy (Group F), the alteration voted as the most perceptible was sperm production decrease (6 (2.0-6.0) points), and the ones classified as the most satisfactory were sperm production decrease (6 (4.0-6.0) points) and spontaneous erections decrease (6 (5.0-6.0) points). Side effects were reported by 89.7% of Group M (mood swings were the most common) and 96.3% of Group F
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.