ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2023
Predictors of WIC uptake among low-income pregnant individuals: a longitudinal nationwide analysis.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Direct Digital Referrals From Prenatal Care and WIC Enrollment Among Pregnant Individuals: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Participation during Pregnancy: Racial/ethnic Inequities among Medicaid-Covered Asian, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and Hispanic Women.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Barriers and Enablers to WIC Participation: Review of Evidence From Studies Published Between 2019 and 2024.AJPM focus · 2026Review
- The Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children and Birth Outcomes Among Hispanic Mothers in California: A Sibling Control Design.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Prenatal WIC Participation Is Associated with Gestational Weight Gain: A Secondary Analysis of United States Birth Records.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Safety Net Program Participation Patterns, Sociodemographic Factors, and Health.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection Decision Tree Analysis of Social Determinants for Low Birth Weight in Virginia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Understanding Multiprogram Take-Up of Safety Net Programs Among California Families.AJPM focus · 2024Article
- Understanding the Predictors of Low Take-Up of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): A Nationwide Longitudinal Study.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNutrition during pregnancy is important for maternal and infant health. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides nutritional support for low-income pregnant and postpartum individuals and children under the age of 5 y. However, WIC participation was in decline in the decade leading up to 2019.
objectivesThis study examined individual and state predictors associated with WIC uptake among eligible individuals so as to identify subgroups for targeted intervention to improve participation.
methodsData came from the 2004-2019 waves of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), a national survey of individuals who recently gave birth (N = 288,531). Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine individual- and state-level and temporal predictors of WIC uptake among WIC-eligible respondents.
resultsAmong WIC-eligible respondents, ages of >35 (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.70), more than high school education (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 062, 0.65), English language proficiency (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.74), being married (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.72), White race, smaller family size, not having prepregnancy diabetes, and higher income were associated with lower odds of WIC uptake. Respondents in states with higher earned income tax credit rates and in the Northeast, Midwest, and West (compared with the South) had lower WIC uptake. Respondents in states with higher gross domestic product, higher unemployment rates, higher Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and Medicaid caseloads, and Democrat governors had higher uptake; however, effect estimates were small and may not represent a meaningful change. Associations were the strongest during 2009-2015 than during other years, particularly for race/Hispanic origin, language, marital status, prepregnancy diabetes, family size, and prepregnancy.
conclusionsThis study identified several individual- and state-level characteristics associated with WIC uptake among low-income eligible respondents, paving the way for future interventions to target key subgroups to improve program participation.
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