Trial reportBritish journal of cancer2023
Phase I/II sequencing study of azacitidine, epacadostat, and pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumors.
Trial report in British journal of cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Response-Adaptive Surgical Timing in Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Demonstrates Enhanced Pathologic Treatment Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Reprogramming resistance in advanced lung cancer: epigenetic modulation to restore therapeutic vulnerability.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Targeting the Epigenome in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Tumor heterogeneity: development, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Striking the right balance with type I interferon signalling in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Review
- Epigenetic modulation to overcome immune suppression in pancreatic cancer.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Review
- p53 status determines the epigenetic response to demethylating agents azacitidine and decitabine.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for immunotherapy resistance in gastric cancer.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- The dysregulation score method identifies epigenetic regulator genes that predict cancer prognosis and efficiency of cancer immunotherapy.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Epigenetic drugs in cancer therapy: mechanisms, immune modulation, and therapeutic applications.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Reshaping tumor immune microenvironment through ROS-responsive prodrug polyplexes via synergistic effect of CRISPRi system and epigenetic inhibitor for breast cancer therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Role of Tryptophan Metabolism in Cancer.Cancer innovation · 2025Review
- Aging-Related Mechanisms Underlying Carcinogenesis: Therapeutic Opportunities.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.MedComm · 2025Review
- Metabolic checkpoints in immune cell reprogramming: rewiring immunometabolism for cancer therapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Review
- Metabolic Reprogramming in Melanoma: An Epigenetic Point of View.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Epigenetic regulators combined with tumour immunotherapy: current status and perspectives.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Review
- Targeting CSC-immune cell crosstalk to overcome chemoresistance and enhance immunotherapy efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 12 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIndoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), an interferon-inducible enzyme, contributes to tumor immune intolerance. Immune checkpoint inhibition may increase interferon levels; combining IDO1 inhibition with immune checkpoint blockade represents an attractive strategy. Epigenetic agents trigger interferon responses and may serve as an immunotherapy priming method. We evaluated whether epigenetic therapy plus IDO1 inhibition and immune checkpoint blockade confers clinical benefit to patients with advanced solid tumors.
methodsECHO-206 was a Phase I/II study where treatment-experienced patients with advanced solid tumors (N = 70) received azacitidine plus an immunotherapy doublet (epacadostat [IDO1 inhibitor] and pembrolizumab). Sequencing of treatment was also assessed. Primary endpoints were safety/tolerability (Phase I), maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or pharmacologically active dose (PAD; Phase I), and investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR; Phase II).
resultsIn Phase I, no dose-limiting toxicities were reported, the MTD was not reached; a PAD was not determined. ORR was 5.7%, with four partial responses. The most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were fatigue (42.9%) and nausea (42.9%). Twelve (17.1%) patients experienced ≥1 fatal AE, one of which (asthenia) was treatment-related.
conclusionsAlthough the azacitidine-epacadostat-pembrolizumab regimen was well tolerated, it was not associated with substantial clinical response in patients with advanced solid tumors previously exposed to immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.