SynthesisBMC nephrology2023
Risk factors of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury: evidence from clinical studies and FDA pharmacovigilance database.
Synthesis in BMC nephrology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review of disproportionality analysis studies.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Evolving epidemiology and improving safety of rechallenge in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury: an updated meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Analysis of risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated liver injury: a retrospective analysis based on clinical study and real-world data.Hepatology international · 2025Pooled it
- Eosinophilia-related adverse events reporting associated with medications: a disproportionality and regression analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Disproportionality Analysis of Drug-Related Head Injury Reports Using the FAERS Database.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Risk stratification for immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge after acute kidney injury: towards a precision medicine framework.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pharmacovigilance assessment of drug-induced aplastic anemia: analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced nephrotic syndrome: a pharmacovigilance analysis of 404 FAERS cases and literature case series.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Aurora kinases signaling in cancer: from molecular perception to targeted therapies.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Urgent considerations on renal immune-related adverse events in oncology practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Adverse renal outcomes following targeted therapies in renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Nephrotoxicity in the Age of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeveral risk factors of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) have been reported sporadically. To identify the risk factors of ICIs-associated AKI in a large-scale population, therefore we conducted a systematic review and a real-world retrospective study.
methodsWe search literature concerning risk factors of ICIs-associated AKI in ClinicalTrials.gov and electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase) up to January 2022. Meta-analysis was performed by using odds ratios (ORs) with 95%CIs. In a separate retrospective pharmacovigilance study by extracting data from US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, disproportionality was analyzed using the reporting odds ratio (ROR).
resultsA total of 9 studies (5927 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The following factors were associated with increased risk of ICIs-associated AKI, including proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) (OR = 2.07, 95%CI 1.78-2.42), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/ angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (OR = 1.56, 95%CI 1.24-1.95), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (OR = 1.29, 95%CI 1.01-1.65), diuretics (OR = 2.00, 95%CI 1.38-2.89), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.28, 95%CI 1.04-1.57), genitourinary cancer (OR = 1.46, 95%CI 1.15-1.85), combination therapy of ICIs (OR = 1.93, 95%CI 1.25-2.97) and extrarenal immune-related adverse events(irAEs) (OR = 2.51, 95%CI 1.96-3.20). Furthermore, analysis from FAERS database verified that concurrent exposures of PPIs (ROR = 2.10, 95%CI 1.91-2.31), ACEIs/ARBs (ROR = 3.25, 95%CI 2.95-3.57), NSAIDs (ROR = 3.06, 95%CI 2.81-3.32) or diuretics (ROR = 2.82, 95%CI 2.50-3.19) were observed significant signals associated with AKI in ICIs-treated patients.
conclusionsConcurrent exposures of PPIs, ACEIs/ARBs, NSAIDs or diuretics, diabetes mellitus, genitourinary cancer, combination therapy, and extrarenal irAEs seem to increase the risk of AKI in ICIs-treated patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.