Observational studyThe Lancet. Microbe2023
Omicron BA.1-specific T-cell responses in adults vaccinated with CoronaVac or BNT162b2 in Hong Kong: an observational cohort study.
Observational study in The Lancet. Microbe, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic immune profiling of heterologous versus homologous boosting of COVID-19 vaccination.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Variability in the TLR3 type I interferon pathway is predictive of RNA vaccine responses.Science advances · 2026Article
- Primary SARS-CoV-2 exposure by vaccination or infection shapes immune responses to omicron variants among a Spanish cohort.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Ethiopia: findings from the 2022 national population-based survey (second round).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Age and primary vaccination schedule impact humoral and cellular immunity with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.iScience · 2025Article
- Human T Cell Responses to Flavivirus Vaccines.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Cellular immune breadth of an Omicron-specific, self-amplifying monovalent mRNA vaccine booster for COVID-19.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- The role of the gut microbiota in regulating responses to vaccination: current knowledge and future directions.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- The immunological impact of revaccination in a hybrid-immune world.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Rethinking Optimal Immunogens to Face SARS-CoV-2 Evolution Through Vaccination.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Review
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- A quest for universal anti-SARS-CoV-2 T cell assay: systematic review, meta-analysis, and experimental validation.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Global Emergence of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Scientific Interventions to Contain its Spread.Current protein & peptide science · 2024Review
- Longitudinal analysis of memory Tfh cells and antibody response following CoronaVac vaccination.JCI insight · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe primary aim of using vaccines in public health responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is to reduce incidence of severe disease, for which T-cell responses are essential. There is a paucity of data on vaccine-induced T-cell immunity to omicron (B.1.1.529). We aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.1-specific T-cell responses in adults vaccinated with CoronaVac or BNT162b2.
methodsFor this observational cohort, we recruited adults (aged ≥18 years) from three vaccination centres in Hong Kong. We included participants from four cohorts (cohort 1: participants who received two doses of either BNT162b2 or CoronaVac, cohort 2: participants who received two doses and a booster, cohort 3: participants who received two doses and a booster and had a breakthrough omicron infection, and cohort 4: participants who had a previous non-omicron infection and subsequently received one dose of vaccine). People with confirmed history of COVID-19 at recruitment were excluded from cohort 1 and cohort 2. We collected blood samples before vaccination (for cohort 1 and 2), 1-month following vaccination (for all cohorts), and during convalescence for cohort 3 and 4) and determined the proportion of IFNγ
findingsOverall, between May 21, 2020, and Aug 31, 2021, we recruited 659 participants (231 [35%] men and 428 [65%] women). Of these participants, 428 were included in cohort 1 (214 [50%] received BNT162b2 and 214 [50%] received CoronaVac); 127 in cohort 2 (48 [38%] received all BNT162b2, 40 [31%] received all CoronaVac, and 39 [31%] received two CoronaVac and a booster with BNT162b2); 58 in cohort 3, and 46 in cohort 4 (16 [35%] received CoronaVac and 30 [65%] received BNT162b2). Vaccine-induced T-cell responses to the wild-type and omicron BA.1 variants were generally similar in adults receiving two doses of either CoronaVac (CD4
interpretationThe evidence that mRNA and inactivated vaccines based on the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus elicited T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants might explain the high observed vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 shown by both types of vaccine, despite great differences in neutralising antibody responses. The use of either vaccine can be considered if the primary aim is to reduce severity and death caused by the new omicron subvariants; however, BNT162b2 is preferable for adults older than 60 years.
fundingThe Health and Medical Research Fund Commissioned Research on the Novel Coronavirus Disease and S H Ho Foundation.
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