ArticleNature communications2023
Behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased income diversity of urban encounters.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- The pivotal role of the food service industry in alleviating urban segregation and boosting city vitality.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- The persistence of behavioral disparities post-pandemic: Insights from activity time series data.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Political polarization on the move: Analyzing geographical mobility between counties in the U.S.PloS one · 2026Article
- Varying relationships between experienced income segregation and travel behaviour across neighbourhood social and urban contexts.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Explorative pedestrian mobility geolocated data from a citizen science experiment in a neighbourhood.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Mixing individual and collective behaviors to predict out-of-routine mobility.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Using human mobility data to quantify experienced urban inequalities.Nature human behaviour · 2025Review
- Behaviour-based dependency networks between places shape urban economic resilience.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Generalized contact matrices allow integrating socioeconomic variables into epidemic models.Science advances · 2024Article
- How people are exposed to neighborhoods racially different from their own.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- An experienced racial-ethnic diversity dataset in the United States using human mobility data.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Temporal clustering of social interactions trades-off disease spreading and knowledge diffusion.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic reorganization of communication and mobility networks in response to external shocks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Crime, inequality and public health: a survey of emerging trends in urban data science.Frontiers in big data · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diversity of physical encounters in urban environments is known to spur economic productivity while also fostering social capital. However, mobility restrictions during the pandemic have forced people to reduce urban encounters, raising questions about the social implications of behavioral changes. In this paper, we study how individual income diversity of urban encounters changed during the pandemic, using a large-scale, privacy-enhanced mobility dataset of more than one million anonymized mobile phone users in Boston, Dallas, Los Angeles, and Seattle, across three years spanning before and during the pandemic. We find that the diversity of urban encounters has substantially decreased (by 15% to 30%) during the pandemic and has persisted through late 2021, even though aggregated mobility metrics have recovered to pre-pandemic levels. Counterfactual analyses show that behavioral changes including lower willingness to explore new places further decreased the diversity of encounters in the long term. Our findings provide implications for managing the trade-off between the stringency of COVID-19 policies and the diversity of urban encounters as we move beyond the pandemic.
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