ArticleVaccine2023
Vaccine effectiveness against transmission of alpha, delta and omicron SARS-COV-2-infection, Belgian contact tracing, 2021-2022.
Article in Vaccine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic literature review on public health and healthcare resources for pandemic preparedness planning.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- The Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Community Indoor Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Possible temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Examining the interaction between area-level immunity coverage and individual-level immunity to help quantify indirect herd benefits: a population-based retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 diagnoses and deaths.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Variant-Independent Association Between Clinical Symptoms and IgM/IgG Responses During the Transition from Pre-Omicron to Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Infections.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant spread and the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Immune-focused RBD nanoparticles induce cross-reactive, RBS-directed responses capable of variant-resistant SARS-CoV-2 neutralization.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Impact of First SARS-CoV-2 Infection Variant on Serological Responses Against Omicron: Findings From the SIREN Study.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Role of vaccines in competitive displacement between SARS-CoV-2 viruses as revealed by the modeling of surveillance data.Infection · 2025Article
- Belgium's SARS-CoV-2 contact tracing effectively curbed transmission, yet challenges persist in terms of delays, scalability and population adherence.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Estimating behavioural relaxation induced by COVID-19 vaccines in the first months of their rollout.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Analysis of the COVID-19 Clusters in the Early Stages of the Epidemic in Shanghai, China: Pandemic-to-Epidemic Response Shift.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Population Immunity After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria: Analysis of National Wastewater Data.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Variability in the Population Diffusion Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 by Exposure Setting and Its Roles in Driving Epidemic Dynamics.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Impact of unequal testing on vaccine effectiveness estimates across two study designs: a simulation study.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in Nursing Home Residents in Belgium Throughout Three BNT162b2 Vaccination Rounds: 19-Month Follow-Up.Vaccines · 2025Article
- RBD-depleted SARS-CoV-2 spike generates protective immunity in cynomolgus macaques.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Cracking the code of a correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in cancer patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A data science pipeline applied to Australia's 2022 COVID-19 Omicron waves.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesVaccine effectiveness against transmission (VET) of SARS-CoV-2-infection can be estimated from secondary attack rates observed during contact tracing. We estimated VET, the vaccine-effect on infectiousness of the index case and susceptibility of the high-risk exposure contact (HREC).
methodsWe fitted RT-PCR-test results from HREC to immunity status (vaccine schedule, prior infection, time since last immunity-conferring event), age, sex, calendar week of sampling, household, background positivity rate and dominant VOC using a multilevel Bayesian regression-model. We included Belgian data collected between January 2021 and January 2022.
resultsFor primary BNT162b2-vaccination we estimated initial VET at 96% (95%CI 95-97) against Alpha, 87% (95%CI 84-88) against Delta and 31% (95%CI 25-37) against Omicron. Initial VET of booster-vaccination (mRNA primary and booster-vaccination) was 87% (95%CI 86-89) against Delta and 68% (95%CI 65-70) against Omicron. The VET-estimate against Delta and Omicron decreased to 71% (95%CI 64-78) and 55% (95%CI 46-62) respectively, 150-200 days after booster-vaccination. Hybrid immunity, defined as vaccination and documented prior infection, was associated with durable and higher or comparable (by number of antigen exposures) protection against transmission.
conclusionsWhile we observed VOC-specific immune-escape, especially by Omicron, and waning over time since immunization, vaccination remained associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2-transmission.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.