ReviewArchives of toxicology2023
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of statin pleiotropic effects.
Review in Archives of toxicology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimizing Statin Therapy in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Dosing, Titration, and Combination Strategies.GeroScience · 2026Pooled it
- Statin Therapy and C-reactive Protein in Patients with Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Current drug targets · 2025Pooled it
- Pitavastatin effects on lipids in relation to major adverse cardiovascular events: a REPRIEVE secondary analysis.The lancet. HIV · 2026 · on this mapTrial
- The combined effect of statin and vitamin C in patients with pulmonary septic shock: a single-center, double-blind clinical trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- A Comparison of Dry Bean and Pea Consumption on Serum Cholesterol: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Mild Hypercholesterolemia.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Lipid metabolism in moyamoya disease: Emerging evidence, vascular remodeling, and therapeutic implications.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Apolipoprotein E Mimetic Peptide-Mediated Modulation of Lipid Homeostasis.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Statin use and severe, critical, or fatal outcomes among individuals with coronavirus disease 2019.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Association between preoperative statin use and survival after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic or periampullary cancer: a propensity score-matched cohort study.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- The Redox-Inflammation Axis in Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Translational Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Diabetic Heart Disease: Impact on Cardiac Function and Modulation Strategies, a Comprehensive Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Octacosanol: A Natural Bioactive Ingredient for Atherosclerosis Prevention and Cardiovascular Health Promotion.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Emerging biomedical and pharmaceutical strategies for the treatment of atherosclerosis: from conventional lipid-lowering therapy to nanomedicine.Journal of applied biomedicine · 2026Review
- Downregulation of CXCL16/ADAM10 axis by Simvastatin attenuates tacrolimus-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Serum free fatty acids and progression of coronary artery calcification: sex specific findings from a large U.S. cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Atorvastatin Attenuates Human Cardiac Fibroblast Activation, with Associated Changes in GATA4/MEF2C and Selected Fibrosis-Related microRNAs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Statin use and the risk of liver-related events in older adults with steatotic liver disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- New Advances in Cardiovascular Drugs: In Memory of Professor Akira Endo.Biomedicines · 2026Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Statins represent the cornerstone of pharmacotherapy for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These medications not only reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) via inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate attached to CoA reductase, the key rate-limiting step in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, but also upregulate expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor, improving serum clearance. Given LDL-C is a causal risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, these complementary mechanisms largely explain why statin therapy leads to reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events. However, decades of basic and clinical research have suggested that statins may exert other effects independent of LDL-C lowering, termed pleiotropic effects, which have become a topic of debate among the scientific community. While some literature suggests statins may improve plaque stability, reduce inflammation and thrombosis, decrease oxidative stress, and improve endothelial function and vascular tone, other studies have suggested potential harmful pleiotropic effects related to increased risk of muscle-related side effects, diabetes, hemorrhagic stroke, and cognitive decline. Furthermore, the introduction of newer, non-statin LDL-C lowering therapies, including ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin Type 9, and bempedoic acid, have challenged the statin pleiotropy theory. This review aims to provide a historical background on the development of statins, explore the mechanistic underpinnings of statin pleiotropy, review the available literature, and provide up to date examples that suggest statins may exert effects outside of LDL-C lowering and the cardiovascular system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.