Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37083986›Full record

ArticleClinical oral investigations2023

A learning curve in 3D virtual surgical planned orthognathic surgery.

Dirk-Melle Beek, Frank Baan, Jeroen Liebregts, Marloes Nienhuijs, Stefaan Bergé, Thomas Maal, Tong Xi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Experience with patient-specific guides, insteatientad of general surgical experience, improves the accuracy of 3D-guided corrective osteotomies.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026
    Article
  2. Evaluation of 3D planning in orthognathic surgery.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2025
    Article
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  5. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Dirk-Melle BeekDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Frank BaanRadboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Jeroen LiebregtsDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Marloes NienhuijsDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Stefaan BergéDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Thomas MaalRadboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Tong XiDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Tong.Xi@radboudumc.nl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo assess the surgical accuracy of 3D virtual surgical planned orthognathic surgery and the influence of posterior impaction and magnitude of the planned movements on a possible learning curve. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis prospective cohort study included subjects who underwent bimaxillary surgery between 2016 and 2020 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen. 3D virtual surgical planning (VSP) was performed with CBCT data and digitalized dentition data. By using voxel-based matching with pre- and postoperative CBCT data the maxillary movements were quantified in six degrees of freedom. The primary outcome variable, surgical accuracy, was defined as the difference between the planned and achieved maxillary movement.

resultsBased on 124 subjects, the surgical accuracy increased annually from 2016 to 2020 in terms of vertical translations (0.82 ± 0.28 mm; p = 0.038) and yaw rotations (0.68 ± 0.22°; p = 0.028). An increase in surgical accuracy was observed when combining all six degrees of freedom (p = 0.021) and specifically between 2016 and 2020 (p = 0.004). An unfavorable learning curve was seen with posterior impaction and with a greater magnitude of movements.

conclusionThe present study demonstrated a significant increase in surgical accuracy annually and therefore supports the presence of a learning curve. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cases with planned maxillary posterior impaction and/or a great magnitude of jaw movements should be transferred from the 3D VSP with extra care to obtain a satisfactory surgical accuracy.

Indexed as

Orthognathic SurgeryOrthognathic Surgical ProceduresSurgery, Computer-AssistedHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalLearning CurveMaxillaProspective StudiesImaging, Three-dimensionalLearning curveMaxillaOrthognathic surgical proceduresSurgery, Computer-assisted

Identifiers

PMID37083986
PMCPMC10329591

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.