ArticleJournal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics2023
Operational characteristics of full random effects modelling ('frem') compared to stepwise covariate modelling ('scm').
Article in Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Covariate Model Selection Approaches for Population Pharmacokinetics: A Systematic Review of Existing Methods, From SCM to AI.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Ensitrelvir in Healthy Participants and Participants with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the SCORPIO-SR Study.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Trial
- Assessing Covariate Clinical Relevance in High-Dimensional PK Analysis: A Comparison of SCM+, FFEM, and FREM Approaches.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- An automated pipeline to generate initial estimates for population Pharmacokinetic base models.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2025Article
- Impact of covariate model building methods on their clinical relevance evaluation in population pharmacokinetic analyses: comparison of the full model, stepwise covariate model (SCM) and SCM+ approaches.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2024Article
- Meropenem pharmacokinetics in cerebrospinal fluid: comparing intermittent and continuous infusion strategies in critically ill patients-a prospective cohort study.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Observational
- Full random effects models (FREM): A practical usage guide.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An adequate covariate selection is a key step in population pharmacokinetic modelling. In this study, the automated stepwise covariate modelling technique ('scm') was compared to full random effects modelling ('frem'). We evaluated the power to identify a 'true' covariate (covariate with highest correlation to the pharmacokinetic parameter), precision, and accuracy of the parameter-covariate estimates. Furthermore, the predictive performance of the final models was assessed. The scenarios varied in covariate effect sizes, number of individuals (n = 20-500) and covariate correlations (0-90% cov-corr). The PsN 'frem' routine provides a 90% confidence intervals around the covariate effects. This was used to evaluate its operational characteristics for a statistical backward elimination procedure, defined as 'frem
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.