ArticlePloS one2023
Magnitude of optimal access to ANC and its predictors in Ethiopia: Multilevel mixed effect analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional survey.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Receipt of adequate antenatal care and associated factors among women delivering in public hospitals, Afar region, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Improved antenatal care services in rural Ethiopia's public health centers through the Enhancing Nutrition and Antenatal Infection Treatment (ENAT) intervention.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Inadequacy of antenatal care attendance and its determinants amongst pregnant women in Ethiopia based on the 2019 Mini-Ethiopian demographic health survey: secondary data analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Less than one in four mothers get quality intrapartum health care services in Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Level of optimal antenatal care utilization and its associated factors among pregnant women in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia: new WHO-recommended ANC 8Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Spatial patterns and predictors of missing key contents of care during prenatal visits in Ethiopia: Spatial and multilevel analyses.PloS one · 2024Article
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Abstract
backgroundOptimal access to ANC, such as the first ANC visit at first trimester, four or more ANC visits, and skilled health care provider can significantly reduce maternal mortality in an inclusive way. Previous studies conducted in Ethiopia on optimal ANC are restricted to frequencies of ANC visit. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of optimal ANC access as a comprehensive way and its predictors among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
methodsSecondary data source from a recent demographic and health survey was used for analysis. This study includes a weighted sample of 4771 pregnant women. A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression analyses was done to identify both the individual and community level factors. Odds ratio along with the 95% confidence interval was generated to identify the predictors of optimal access to ANC. A p-value less than 0.05 was declared as statistical significant.
resultsIn Ethiopia, one in five (20%) pregnant women had optimal access to antenatal care. Regarding the factors at individual level, pregnant women aged 25-34 years [aOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.23-2.03] and 35-49 years [aOR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.43-2.89], those who had educated primary [aOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.33-2.09], secondary and higher [aOR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.15-2.85], Primipara [aOR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.68-3.59] and multipara [aOR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.11-1.98] had higher odds of accessing optimal ANC. With the community level factors, the odds of optimal access to ANC was higher among pregnant women who lived in urban area [aOR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.33-3.27], whereas, lower odds of optimal ANC access among those pregnant women who reported distance to the health facility as a big problem [aOR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63-0.96]. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The study concludes that in Ethiopia, optimal access to ANC was low. The study identified that both individual and community level factors were predictors for optimal ANC access. Therefore, the Ethiopian government should intensify extensive education on ANC in a comprehensive way. Moreover, especial attention from the Ethiopian ministry of health for those women who reported distance as a big problem and for rural resident women is mandatory.
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