ArticleFrontiers in physiology2023
Forehead monitoring of heart rate in neonatal intensive care.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparing peripheral limb and forehead vital sign monitoring in newborn infants at birth.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Elucidating the Reactivity of Reflectance-Based Core-Body Photoplethysmogram to Posture and Respiratory Changes.IEEE sensors journal · 2025Article
- The role of face regions in remote photoplethysmography for contactless heart rate monitoring.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Heart rate is an extremely important physiological parameter to measure in critically unwell infants, as it is the main physiological marker that changes in response to a change in infant condition. Heart rate is routinely measured peripherally on a limb with a pulse oximeter. However, when infants are critically unwell, the blood supply to these peripheries is reduced in preference for central perfusion of vital organs such as the brain and heart. Measurement of heart rate with a reflection mode photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor on the forehead could help minimise this problem and make it easier for other important medical equipment, such as cannulas, to be placed on the limbs. This study compares heart rates measured with a forehead-based PPG sensor against a wrist-based PPG sensor in 19 critically unwell infants in neonatal intensive care collecting 198 h of data. The two heart rates were compared using positive percentage agreement, Spearman's correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis. The forehead PPG sensor showed good agreement with the wrist-based PPG sensor with limits of agreement of 8.44 bpm, bias of -0.22 bpm; positive percentage agreement of 98.87%; and Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.9816. The analysis demonstrates that the forehead is a reliable alternative location for measuring vital signs using the PPG.
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Registered trials
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