ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2023
Rural disparities in use of family and formal caregiving for older adults with disabilities.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rural and Urban Differences in the Trends in Supply of Home Care Workers From 2015 to 2024.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
- Geographic variation and factors associated with home-based long-term care utilization across municipalities in Japan.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- How Housing Influences Nursing Home Utilization in the United States: An Integrative Review.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2026Review
- Differences in patient access to and utilization of caregiving services: a scoping review.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Determinants and prediction of home nursing utilization among older adults in China: an integration of logistic regression and XGBoost algorithm.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Neighborhood environmental deprivation predicts the generalized neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2026Article
- Digital transformation of home-based care: a narrative review of nursing, technology, and management synergies.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- A nation of caregivers: past, present, and future expectations of caregiving.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- Urbanicity and Disparities in the Functional and Physical Abilities of Older Adults Using the Health and Retirement Study: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025Article
- Voice-Based Remote Care Program for Vulnerable Older Adults in a Rural Community: Single-Arm Pilot Clinical Study.JMIR aging · 2025Article
- Support for Care Economy Policies by Political Affiliation and Caregiving Responsibilities.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Models of Care for Older People: A Scoping Review.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Perspectives on AI and Novel Technologies Among Older Adults, Clinicians, Payers, Investors, and Developers.JAMA network open · 2025Article
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- Cannabis use, social support and social engagement among working-age adults in rural America.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- The critical role of Medicaid home- and community-based services in meeting the needs of older adults in the United States.Health services research · 2024Article
- Understanding stroke caregiving in rural contexts: a qualitative study of family caregivers' cultural values, coping behaviors, and technology use.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAs federal and state policies rebalance long-term care from institutional settings to home- and community-based settings, reliance on formal (paid) and family (unpaid) caregivers for support at home nationally has increased in recent years. Yet, it is unknown if use of formal and family care varies by rurality.
methodsUsing the Health and Retirement Study, we describe patterns in receipt of combinations of formal and family home care and self-reported expectation of nursing home use by rurality among community-dwelling adults aged 65+ with functional limitations from 2004 to 2016.
resultsOlder adults residing in rural areas are more likely to receive any family care than those in urban areas. From 2004 to 2016, a higher proportion of older adults in rural areas receive care from family caregivers exclusively while a lower proportion receive care from formal caregivers exclusively. When examining older adults in urban areas, we find the opposite - a higher proportion of urban adults rely exclusively on formal care and a lower proportion rely exclusively on family care in 2016 compared to 2004.
conclusionWe find that national estimates of sources of caregiving and their changes over time mask significant heterogeneity in uptake by rurality. Understanding how older adults in rural areas are, or are not, receiving home-based care compared to their urban peers and how these patterns are changing over time is the first step to informing supports for family and formal caregivers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.