ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2023
Influence of Sex and Sex-Based Disparities on Prevalent Tuberculosis, Vietnam, 2017-2018.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differences in tuberculosis prevalence by sex in low- and middle-income countries over 1993-2025: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Trends in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Mortality: A Population-Based Study in a Northern Vietnamese Province, 2005-2008 and 2011-2018.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in The Netherlands, an epidemiologic overview, 1993-2022.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2025Article
- Magnitude and trends ofThe Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Spatial Analysis of Drug-Susceptible and Multidrug-Resistant Cases of Tuberculosis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 2020-2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
To assess sex disparities in tuberculosis in Vietnam, we conducted a nested, case-control study based on a 2017 tuberculosis prevalence survey. We defined the case group as all survey participants with laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis and the control group as a randomly selected group of participants with no tuberculosis. We used structural equation modeling to describe pathways from sex to tuberculosis according to an a priori conceptual framework. Our analysis included 1,319 participants, of whom 250 were case-patients. We found that sex was directly associated with tuberculosis prevalence (adjusted odds ratio for men compared with women 3.0 [95% CI 1.7-5.0]) and indirectly associated through other domains. The strong sex difference in tuberculosis prevalence is explained by a complex interplay of factors relating to behavioral and environmental risks, access to healthcare, and clinical manifestations. However, after controlling for all those factors, a direct sex effect remains that might be caused by biological factors.
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