Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37080571›Full record

SynthesisThe European respiratory journal2023

The causal relationship between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation study.

Carl J Reynolds, Fabiola Del Greco M, Richard J Allen, Carlos Flores, R Gisli Jenkins, Toby M Maher, Philip L Molyneaux, Imre Noth, Justin M Oldham, Louise V Wain and 6 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The European respiratory journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
16.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Causal analysis between gastroesophageal reflux disease and chronic rhinosinusitis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 11 institutions in 5 countries.

Carl J ReynoldsNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK carl.reynolds@imperial.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-7415-258X
Fabiola Del Greco MInstitute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.
Richard J AllenDepartment of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Carlos FloresResearch Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
R Gisli JenkinsNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Toby M MaherNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Philip L MolyneauxNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1301-8800
Imre NothDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Justin M OldhamDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Louise V WainDepartment of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4951-1867
Jiyuan AnCentre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Jue-Sheng OngPopulation Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia.
Stuart MacGregorPopulation Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia.
Tom A YatesDivision of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
Paul CullinanNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Cosetta MinelliNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9166-3958
Imperial College London · GBQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute · AUUniversity of Leicester · GBEurac Research · ITInstituto de Salud Carlos III · ESLung Institute · USQueensland University of Technology · AUUniversity College London · GBUniversity of Michigan · USUniversity of Southern California · USUniversity of Virginia · US

Funding

Elucidating the Genomic Determinants of Outcomes in Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisK23HL138190 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI OLDHAM, JUSTIN M · 2017 to 2021
$914k
Medical Research Council MR/V005324/1Medical Research Council MR/W014491/1NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL138190Wellcome Trust 201291/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in observational studies. It is not known if this association arises because GORD causes IPF or because IPF causes GORD, or because of confounding by factors, such as smoking, associated with both GORD and IPF. We used bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR), where genetic variants are used as instrumental variables to address issues of confounding and reverse causation, to examine how, if at all, GORD and IPF are causally related.

methodsA bidirectional two-sample MR was performed to estimate the causal effect of GORD on IPF risk and of IPF on GORD risk, using genetic data from the largest GORD (78 707 cases and 288 734 controls) and IPF (4125 cases and 20 464 controls) genome-wide association meta-analyses currently available.

resultsGORD increased the risk of IPF, with an OR of 1.6 (95% CI 1.04-2.49; p=0.032). There was no evidence of a causal effect of IPF on the risk of GORD, with an OR of 0.999 (95% CI 0.997-1.000; p=0.245).

conclusionsWe found that GORD increases the risk of IPF, but found no evidence that IPF increases the risk of GORD. GORD should be considered in future studies of IPF risk and interest in it as a potential therapeutic target should be renewed. The mechanisms underlying the effect of GORD on IPF should also be investigated.

Indexed as

Gastroesophageal RefluxIdiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisGenome-Wide Association StudyHumans

Identifiers

PMID37080571
PMCPMC10209472
OpenAlexW4366597254

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.