ArticlePreventing chronic disease2023
Risk and Protective Factors for Vaping and Smoking Among High School Students in Maine.
Article in Preventing chronic disease, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between weight concern, bullying, cigarette use, and vaping among heterosexual and sexual minority female adolescents.Public health · 2026Article
- Associations of parental connectedness and monitoring with high-risk behaviors among Malaysian adolescents: a nationally representative study.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionVaping rates are rising among adolescents across the country, and smoking rates remain high. Understanding risk and protective factors associated with vaping and smoking can guide public health interventions. This study examined risk and protective factors associated with vaping and smoking among high school students in Maine.
methodsWe used 2019 Maine Integrated Youth Health Survey (MIYHS) data to examine risk and protective factors for vaping and smoking among Maine high school students. Our analytic sample consisted of 17,651 Maine high school students. In addition to bivariate analyses, we used unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models to assess risk and protective factors.
resultsFactors with the greatest effect on students' likelihood to vape, smoke, or do both were parental attitude toward adolescent smoking and depressive symptoms. Students who reported their parents feel it is a little wrong or not wrong at all if they smoked had 4.9 times higher adjusted odds of smoking and 4.6 times higher adjusted odds of vaping and smoking compared with students who said their parents feel it would be wrong or very wrong if they smoked. Students who reported depressive symptoms had 2.1 times higher adjusted odds of vaping, 2.7 times higher adjusted odds of smoking, and 3.0 times higher adjusted odds of vaping and smoking compared with students who did not report depressive symptoms.
conclusionUnderstanding risk and protective factors for smoking and vaping among high school students can help tailor adolescent-focused vaping and smoking public health interventions to increase effectiveness.
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