Observational studyPloS one2023
Extrauterine growth restriction in very low birth weight infants according to different growth charts: A retrospective 10 years observational study.
Observational study in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Observational
- Article
- Impact of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Extrauterine Growth Restriction on Post-Discharge Growth in Preterm Infants: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in a Kangaroo Mother Care Program.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association of Neonatal Morbidities and Postnatal Growth Faltering in Preterm Neonates.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The growth diversity of preterm infants at 0-36 months corrected age in China: a real-world observational study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Classification of very low birth weight infants as small for gestational age: International vs. national standards.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Postnatal Growth Assessment and Prediction of Neurodevelopment and Long-Term Growth in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExtrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is common among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. There are two types of EUGR definitions (cross-sectional and longitudinal) and many growth charts for monitoring postnatal growth. Aims of our study were 1) to compare the rate of small for gestational rate (SGA) and EUGR in a population of VLBW infants, both according to different growth charts (Fenton, INeS charts and Intergrowth-21) and different definitions; 2) to identify risk factors for EUGR.
methodsThis is a single centre retrospective observational study, including all VLBW infants born between January 2009 and December 2018. Anthropometric measures were obtained at birth and at discharge and presented as z-scores according to three growth charts (Fenton, INeS charts, Intergrowth-21). Maternal, clinical and nutritional data were retrieved from clinical records.
results228 VLBW were included. Percentage of SGA did not change significantly according to the three different growth charts (Fenton 22.4%, INeS charts 22.8%, Intergrowth 28.2%, p 0.27). Prevalence of EUGR was significantly higher when INeS and Fenton charts were used, compared to Intergrowth charts regardless of EUGR-definition (cross sectional-EUGR: Fenton 33.5%, INeS charts 40.9%, Intergrowth-21 23.8%, p 0.001; longitudinal-EUGR (loss of 1SDS): Fenton 15%, INeS charts 20.4%, Intergrowth 4%, p <0.001). In our population a longer time to reach 100 ml/kg/day of enteral feeding increased of 18% the risk of longitudinal EUGR. Late onset sepsis and retinopathy of prematurity were associated with an increased risk of longitudinal EUGR, although not significantly, while having a preeclamptic mother was associated with a reduced risk.
conclusionsWe confirmed a wide variability of EUGR rates when using different charts and definitions, highlighting that Intergrowth-21 charts identify less EUGR when compared to INeS and Fenton charts. Standardized criteria for defining EUGR are warranted in order to facilitate comparisons between studies and to improve the nutritional management of VLBW infants.
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