ArticlePloS one2023
Changes in the prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes and associated risk factors in rural Baluchistan; a secondary analysis from repeated surveys (2002-2017).
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative assessment of treatment outcomes of empagliflozin add-on metformin and sitagliptin add-on metformin therapies in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings from an observational study in Pakistan.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Observational
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To observe trends of diabetes and its associated risk factors from health surveys 2002-2017 in rural areas of Baluchistan-Pakistan and a secondary analysis based on community based health surveys of Baluchistan conducted between 2001-02, 2009-10, and 2016-17. A total of 4250 participants were included in this combined analysis, 2515 from 2001-2002, 1377 from 2009-2010 and 358 from 2016-2017 survey year. In each survey, detailed information of baseline parameters were noted on a predesigned questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was used for diagnosis of diabetes for comparative purposes in this analysis. Cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors including hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were compared. Most subjects were aged 30-50 years and males were found higher in 2016-17 compared to 2001-02 and 2009-10. Pronounced increases in BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, and family history of diabetes were observed in 2016-17. Diabetes prevalence was 4.2 (3.4-4.9), 7.8 (6.6-9.2) and 31.9 (26.9-37.4), whilst pre-diabetes was 1.7 (1.3-2.2), 3.6 (2.8-4.6) and 10.7 (7.6-14.9) in years 2001-02, 2009-10, and 2016-17, respectively. Among those aged 20-39years, prevalence of diabetes was stable from 2001-10 yet increased considerably between the ages of 30-39years in 2016-17. Throughout the observed period, rapid increases were observed in hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidaemia, however, addiction to tobacco use and alcohol intake decreased. Adjusted odd ratios showed age, marital status, education, hypertension, and family history of diabetes as associated risk factors for glycaemic dysregulation. The rural Baluchistan population is confronted with increasing trends of early onset diabetes due to highly associated CVD risk factors, especially central obesity and dyslipidaemia, raising a major public health challenge.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.