ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2023
The Association of Reported Experiences of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in Health Care with COVID-19 Vaccination Status and Intent - United States, April 22, 2021-November 26, 2022.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations Between Healthcare Discrimination, Medical Mistrust, and COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Young Black Adults in the Southern United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Increased Experiences of Multiple Forms of Discrimination in Healthcare Settings During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) People Across Canada: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Perceived Discrimination in the Healthcare Setting and Medical Mistrust: Findings from the Health Information National Trends Survey, 2022.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Hospitalization and Mortality Trends Among US Dialysis Patients by Race/Ethnicity and Vaccination Status.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Marginalized Identities, Healthcare Discrimination, and Parental Stress about COVID-19.Journal of marriage and the family · 2025Article
- Factors associated with seeking and receiving home antiviral therapy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Discover public health · 2025Article
- Recognising the heterogeneity of Indigenous Peoples during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review across Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USA.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Is racism a barrier to HIV care continuum engagement among Black People in the United States? A scoping review to assess the state of the science and inform a research agenda.Epidemiologic reviews · 2024Article
- Vaccine Equity: Lessons Learned Exploring Facilitators and Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccination in Urban Black Communities.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Advancing health equity through action in antimicrobial stewardship and healthcare epidemiology.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2021, the CDC Director declared that racism is a serious threat to public health,* reflecting a growing awareness of racism as a cause of health inequities, health disparities, and disease. Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related hospitalization and death (1,2) illustrate the need to examine root causes, including experiences of discrimination. This report describes the association between reported experiences of discrimination in U.S. health care settings and COVID-19 vaccination status and intent to be vaccinated by race and ethnicity during April 22, 2021-November 26, 2022, based on the analysis of interview data collected from 1,154,347 respondents to the National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module (NIS-ACM). Overall, 3.5% of adults aged ≥18 years reported having worse health care experiences compared with persons of other races and ethnicities (i.e., they experienced discrimination), with significantly higher percentages reported by persons who identified as non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) (10.7%), non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) (7.2%), non-Hispanic multiple or other race (multiple or other race) (6.7%), Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) (4.5%), non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) (3.9%), and non-Hispanic Asian (Asian) (2.8%) than by non-Hispanic White (White) persons (1.6%). Unadjusted differences in prevalence of being unvaccinated against COVID-19 among respondents reporting worse health care experiences than persons of other races and ethnicities compared with those who reported that their health care experiences were the same as those of persons of other races and ethnicities were statistically significant overall (5.3) and for NHOPI (19.2), White (10.5), multiple or other race (5.7), Black (4.6), Asian (4.3), and Hispanic (2.6) adults. Findings were similar for vaccination intent. Eliminating inequitable experiences in health care settings might help reduce some disparities in receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine.
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