SynthesisJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2023
Gender-specific outcomes in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Gender-specific differences in outcome and survival in early cystectomy : Systematic review].Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Pooled it
- Global, regional, and National burden of urologic neoplasms from 1990 to 2021 and future projections to 2050, a comprehensive analysis for global burden of disease.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- A Review of the Latest Evidence on Prognostic Factors in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Metabolic phenotype and gender may predict treatment outcomes of atezolizumab in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Sex as modifier of survival in patients with advanced urothelial cancer treated with pembrolizumab.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Sex-related differences in serum biomarker levels predict the activity and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer patients.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo analyze gender-specific differences in survival parameters in advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibition.
methodsThe primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate gender-specific differences in disease-free (DFS), progression-free (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR). The sources MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from January 2010 to June 2022. No restrictions were made concerning language, study region or publication type. A comparison of gender-specific differences in survival parameters was performed using a random-effects meta-analysis. A risk of bias assessment was done using the ROBINS-I tool.
resultsFive studies were included. In a random-effect meta-analysis of the studies, PCD4989g and IMvigor 211 with both using atezolizumab, females were more likely to have better objective response rate (ORR) than men (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.20-4.16; p = 0.0110). In addition, females had a comparable median OS to men (MD 1.16; 95% CI - 3.15-5.46; p = 0.598). In summary, comparing all results, a tendency was seen toward better response rates and survival parameters in female patients. The risk of bias assessment yielded an overall low risk of bias.
conclusionsThere is a tendency toward better outcomes in women for immunotherapy in advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer, but only for the antibody atezolizumab women have a significantly better ORR. Unfortunately, many studies fail to report gender-specific outcomes. Therefore, further research is essential when aiming for individualized medicine. This research should address immunological confounders.
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Registered trials
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