ReviewCureus2023
Pooled Prevalence of Long COVID-19 Symptoms at 12 Months and Above Follow-Up Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- COVID-19 in Space: Possible Health Risks and Preparedness Guidelines.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of digital healthcare in managing menstrual symptoms: a systematic review.Women's health nursing (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Pooled it
- The risk of Long Covid symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and symptoms of Long Covid-19 in the workplace.Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) · 2025Pooled it
- The prolonged health sequelae "of the COVID-19 pandemic" in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Excess risks of long COVID symptoms compared with identical symptoms in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies with control groups.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- Definition and measurement of post-COVID-19 conditions in real-world practice: a global systematic literature review.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Long term outcomes of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in post covid condition: longitudinal follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Article
- Prevalence of long covid symptoms in Tuscany, Italy: a population-representative cross-sectional telephone survey.BMJ open · 2026Article
- REGENECYTE cord blood cell therapy in post-COVID syndrome: a phase IIa randomized, placebo-controlled trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Long-term multidimensional health status of individuals with and without post COVID-19 condition: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2026Article
- SGLT2 inhibitors prevent long-COVID-associated cognitive and pain symptoms in type 2 diabetes patients.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory Mechanisms Underlying Neurological Manifestations in Long COVID: Implications for Immune-Mediated Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A biopsychosocial analysis of risk factors for persistent physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms among previously hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mental and physical health in persons receiving inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation treatment for post-COVID condition.PloS one · 2025Article
- Response to Clinical Outcomes of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.Infection & chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Integrated care policy recommendations for complex multisystem long term conditions and long COVID.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Long-COVID-19 Impact in non-hospitalized patients: Sleep and quality of life 24 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Ulcerative Colitis Patients: A Lifestyle Perspective.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current data suggests that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors experience long-lasting problems. It is not yet understood how long these symptoms last. The goal of this study was to compile all the data that was currently available to evaluate COVID-19's long-term effects at 12 months and above. We looked for studies published by December 15, 2022, in PubMed and Embase that discussed follow-up findings for COVID-19 survivors who had been alive for at least a year. A random-effect model was carried out to determine the combined prevalence of different long-COVID symptoms. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used to assess the risk of bias for the included studies, and the I2 statistics were used to evaluate the heterogeneity. After reviewing 3,209 studies, 46 were deemed admissible, with an aggregate COVID-19 population of 17976. At 12 months and above, 57% of patients reported a minimum of one symptom, and the five most prevalent symptoms were: dyspnea on exertion (34%, 95% CI 0.2; 0.94); difficulty in concentration (32%, 95% CI 0.16; 0.52); fatigue (31%, 95% CI 0.22; 0.40); frailty (31%, 95% CI 0.06; 0.78); and arthromyalgia (28%, 95% CI 0.09; 0.6). The findings of the present study showed that at 12 months and beyond, a sizable fraction of COVID-19 survivors still have lasting symptoms that impair several body systems. Long-COVID patients require an urgent understanding of pathophysiological processes and the development of tailored treatments.
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