ReviewAcute medicine & surgery
The threat of a new tetanus outbreak due to urban flooding disaster requires vigilance: a narrative review.
Review in Acute medicine & surgery. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tetanus Control in the United States and Global Disaster Settings: Public Health Disparities and Prevention Strategies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Management and outcome of adult generalized tetanus patients in a tertiary hospital in Anhui, China: a retrospective study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Climate Change and Prevention - Review of Prevention Indicators of the German Federal States in Relation to 'Climate Change and Health'.Journal of health monitoring · 2025Article
- Catastrophic Floods in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: The Need for Public Health Responses to Potential Infectious Disease Outbreaks.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2024Article
- The Impact of Global Warming on the Rise in Heat-Related Illnesses in Emergency Medical Services.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- A Preliminary Study to Evaluate the Immune Response to a Booster Dose of the Adult Tetanus-Diphtheria Vaccine (Td) Available in Iran.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPRArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccines for tetanus prevention have rapidly progressed, and the number of outbreaks, especially the incidence of tetanus in developed countries, has decreased dramatically. However, the mortality rate associated with severe tetanus remains high. Tetanus eradication is difficult owing to the widespread presence of the spores of tetanus bacteria in the environment, but tetanus can be prevented by acquired immunity from vaccines. Older people, intravenous drug users, and migrants are at a high risk of tetanus in developed countries owing to the lack of booster vaccination programs. Natural disasters, especially floods, often cause an increase in the prevalence of tetanus because of the associated injuries. Precautions should be taken to combat the threat of a new tetanus outbreak due to floods in urban areas owing to global warming. In particular, Japan is facing a high risk of urban flooding-induced tetanus, despite its status as a developed country. This review aims to highlight the data on the epidemiology, causes, treatment, and prevention of tetanus and problems associated with tetanus countermeasures during future floods.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.