ArticleDiagnostic pathology2023
Tumor Area Positivity (TAP) score of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1): a novel visual estimation method for combined tumor cell and immune cell scoring.
Article in Diagnostic pathology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Perioperative chemoimmunotherapy for patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Pooled it
- PD-L1 Expression in Biliary Tract Cancer: Comparison Across Antibody Clones and Role as a Predictor of Response to Chemoimmunotherapy: A Meta-Analysis.JCO precision oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Tislelizumab efficacy and safety compared to other anti-PD-1s: a network meta-analysis of first-line therapies for unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- First-line tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy in unresectable advanced/metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: minimum 3-year survival follow-up of a randomized phase 3 trial (RATIONALE-306).Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Domvanalimab and zimberelimab in advanced gastric, gastroesophageal junction or esophageal cancer: a phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Safety and efficacy of the therapeutic DNA-based vaccine VB10.16 in combination with atezolizumab in persistent, recurrent or metastatic HPV16-positive cervical cancer: a multicenter, single-arm phase 2a study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Paclitaxel plus carboplatin and durvalumab with or without oleclumab for women with previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: the randomized SYNERGY phase I/II trial.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- First-line systemic therapy for advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: clinical implications for treatment selection after KEYNOTE-590, CheckMate 648, and RATIONALE-306.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Real-world characterization of PD-L1 expression in patients with advanced esophagogastric adenocarcinoma in Spain.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Observational
- Review
- Spatial immune ecology of immunotherapy resistance in gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Phase I/II, open-label, multicenter study of durvalumab in combination with tremelimumab in pediatric patients with advanced solid tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- A Case of Unresectable Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma Successfully Treated with Conversion Surgery Following Sequential Systemic Chemotherapy Including Durvalumab.Surgical case reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Development of a Novel IHC Assay for PD-L1 Detection in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in gynecologic oncology: Current status and perspectives.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Review
- Biomarkers in gastroesophageal cancer 2025: an updated consensus statement by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and the Spanish Society of Pathology (SEAP).Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Prognostic and clinical heterogeneity of PD1 and PD-L1- immunohistochemical scores in endometrial cancers.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- First-Line Tislelizumab Plus Chemotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression ≥ 1%: A Retrospective Analysis of RATIONALE-306.Advances in therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDetermination of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression level in tumor cells and tumor-associated immune cells is critical for identifying patients eligible for immunotherapy. PD-L1 manual scoring algorithms can generally be divided into two categories: cell counting and visual estimation. Cell counting can be time-consuming and is not in sync with pathology practice, which classically uses a Gestalt approach based on pattern recognition and visual estimation. In this study, we introduce the Tumor Area Positivity (TAP) score, which is a novel, straightforward method for scoring tumor cells and immune cells together using visual estimation.
methodsTo demonstrate the reproducibility of TAP scoring among pathologists, between- and within-reader precision studies were performed both within (internal) and outside of (external) our organization. We also compared the TAP score to the Combined Positive Score (CPS), which is based on cell counting, for concordance and time efficacy.
resultsThe average positive agreement, average negative agreement, and overall percent agreement between and within readers were all above 85% for both internal and combined external reader precision studies. TAP score had high concordance rate at 5% cutoff compared with CPS at cutoff 1: positive percent agreement, negative percent agreement, and overall percent agreement were all above 85%.
conclusionsOur study showed the TAP scoring method to be straightforward, significantly less time-consuming, and highly reproducible with a high concordance rate between TAP score and CPS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.