Trial reportBMC anesthesiology2023
Median effective dose of esketamine for intranasal premedication in children with congenital heart disease.
Trial report in BMC anesthesiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adjunctive esketamine in propofol-based sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Esketamine on Postoperative Pain in Children Undergoing Plasma Tonsillectomy: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Optimal doses of intranasal esketamine plus dexmedetomidine for sedating toddlers during transthoracic echocardiography: a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial.Annals of medicine · 2025Trial
- Preoperative sedation with intravenous S-ketamine versus midazolam in preschool children: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine-esketamine sedation for pediatric acceptance of facemask: single-center, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Intranasal Esketamine Premedication Reduces Sevoflurane Requirements During Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Compare the Effects of 0 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg Esketamine on Emergence Agitation After Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy in Children: A Randomized Control Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Combined Esketamine and Dexmedetomidine Decreases the Risk of Postoperative Delirium in Neurosurgical Pediatrics: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Esketamine alleviated cardiomyocyte ferroptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) via cyclic GMP-AMP synthase interactor.Cytotechnology · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEsketamine is commonly used as a premedication for its sedation effect. However, the proper dosage for intranasal use in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) has not been determined. This study aimed to estimate the median effective dose (ED
methodsThirty-four children with CHD who needed premedication in March 2021 were enrolled. Intranasal esketamine was initiated at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Based on the outcome of sedation in the previous patient, the dose for the subsequent patient was either increased or reduced by 0.1 mg/kg, which was adjusted between each child. Successful sedation was defined as a Ramsay Sedation Scale score ≥ 3 and Parental Separation Anxiety Scale score ≤ 2. The required ED
resultsThe 34 children enrolled had a mean age of 22.5 ± 16.4 (4-54) months and a mean weight of 11.2 ± 3.6 (5.5-20.5) kg; American Society of Anesthesiologists classification I-III. The ED
conclusionsThe ED
trial registrationThe trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Network (ChiCTR2100044551) on 24/03/2021.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.