ReviewNature reviews. Drug discovery2023
Therapeutic strategies for COVID-19: progress and lessons learned.
Review in Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 383 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
383 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 644 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in COVID-19: a meta-analysis of clinical trials conducted since the pandemic onset.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of probiotics on COVID-19 prevention and treatment against mild COVID-19 in outpatient care: A systematic review.Nutrition and health · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of tenofovir on clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody SA55 injection in healthy participants.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Trial
- Regional comparison of efficacy and safety for vilobelimab in critically ill, invasively mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Trial
- Virologic Response and Safety of Ibuzatrelvir, A Novel SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral, in Adults With COVID-19.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- Real-world efficacy and safety of azvudine in hospitalized older patients with COVID-19 during the omicron wave in China: A retrospective cohort study.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Trial
- Metabolic control of macrophages in coronavirus disease 2019.Virulence · 2026Review
- Substrate-Selective Inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-Like Protease: Inhibition of Hydrolysis of Human Over Viral Substrates.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Intelligent Programmable Membrane Nanosponge for Early Virus Blocking.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Transdermal 17β-Estradiol for the Treatment of COVID-19: Protocol of an Early Terminated Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- A Dual-Membrane Biomimetic Nanoplatform Enables Triple-Modal Therapy Against SARS-CoV-2 Through Viral Decoy, Inflammation Neutralizing, and Intracellular RNAi.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial peptides as computational candidates for SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibition.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Discovery of two novel small-molecule series with potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitionChemical science · 2026Article
- On the Verge of the 3000th Publication: Reflections on Deceptions, Successes and Perspectives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Repurposing of colchicine: critical examination of clinical trials and scoping review.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Structure-based macrocyclization of α-ketoamides leads to potent inhibitors of coronaviral and enteroviral proteases.Communications chemistry · 2026Article
- Plant‑derived natural products alleviate dexamethasone‑induced skeletal muscle atrophy by modulating FoxO (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Design, synthesis, and X-ray structural studies of potent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors containing tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamides as P2 ligands.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
323 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated tremendous efforts to develop therapeutic strategies that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and/or human proteins to control viral infection, encompassing hundreds of potential drugs and thousands of patients in clinical trials. So far, a few small-molecule antiviral drugs (nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, remdesivir and molnupiravir) and 11 monoclonal antibodies have been marketed for the treatment of COVID-19, mostly requiring administration within 10 days of symptom onset. In addition, hospitalized patients with severe or critical COVID-19 may benefit from treatment with previously approved immunomodulatory drugs, including glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone, cytokine antagonists such as tocilizumab and Janus kinase inhibitors such as baricitinib. Here, we summarize progress with COVID-19 drug discovery, based on accumulated findings since the pandemic began and a comprehensive list of clinical and preclinical inhibitors with anti-coronavirus activities. We also discuss the lessons learned from COVID-19 and other infectious diseases with regard to drug repurposing strategies, pan-coronavirus drug targets, in vitro assays and animal models, and platform trial design for the development of therapeutics to tackle COVID-19, long COVID and pathogenic coronaviruses in future outbreaks.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.