Trial reportScientific reports2023
Clinical outcomes after a single induction dose of etomidate versus ketamine for emergency department sepsis intubation: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Induction agents for emergency tracheal intubation in critically ill adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of ketamine versus etomidate for rapid sequence intubation of critically ill patients in terms of mortality and success rate: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Incidence of post-induction hypotension following emergency rapid sequence induction with ketamine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of ketamine on emergency rapid sequence intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC emergency medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Ketamine versus etomidate as an induction agent for tracheal intubation in critically ill adults: a Bayesian meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Evaluating Ketamine Dosing Practices During Emergency Department Intubation Using Shock Index Stratification.Cureus · 2026Article
- Review
- Ketamine Use for ED Sedation: Pharmacologic Basis, Clinical Applications, and Safety Considerations.Cureus · 2026Review
- Respiratory National Early Warning Score for 28-day mortality prediction in suspected sepsis patients in the emergency department.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Ketamine, Etomidate, and Mortality in Emergency Department Intubations.JAMA network open · 2025Observational
- Reproductive Toxicity and Transgenerational Effects of Anesthetic Etomidate in Zebrafish: PCOS-like Ovarian Changes, Oxidative Stress, and Metabolism Disruption.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Effect of esketamine and etomidate anesthesia on neuroplasticity in electroconvulsive therapy for treatment-resistant depression.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan for a Multicenter Randomized Trial of Ketamine vs Etomidate for Emergency Tracheal Intubation.CHEST critical care · 2025Article
- Shock in the post-operative ICU: the etomidate enigma.Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2025Article
- Evidence-based Emergency Tracheal Intubation.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Recent progress in the development of etomidate analogues.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Modified National Early Warning Scores (MNEWS) for Predicting the Outcomes of Suspected Sepsis Patients; A Prospective Cohort Study.Archives of academic emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Outcome of video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for emergency tracheal intubation in emergency department: a propensity score matching analysis.BMC emergency medicine · 2024Article
- An Expiration Date for Etomidate?American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Postintubation Hypotension Among Patients with Suspected Sepsis in Emergency Department.Open access emergency medicine : OAEM · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with sepsis often require emergency intubation. In emergency departments (EDs), rapid-sequence intubation with a single-dose induction agent is standard practice, but the best choice of induction agent in sepsis remains controversial. We conducted a randomized, controlled, single-blind trial in the ED. We included septic patients who were aged at least 18 years and required sedation for emergency intubation. Patients were randomly assigned by a blocked randomization to receive 0.2-0.3 mg/kg of etomidate or 1-2 mg/kg of ketamine for intubation. The objectives were to compare the survival outcomes and adverse events after intubation between etomidate and ketamine. Two hundred and sixty septic patients were enrolled; 130 patients/drug arm whose baseline characteristics were well balanced at baseline. In the etomidate group, 105 patients (80.8%) were alive at 28 days, compared with 95 patients (73.1%) in the ketamine group (risk difference [RD], 7.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], - 2.5 to 17.9%; P = 0.092). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who survived at 24 h (91.5% vs. 96.2%; P = 0.097) and survived at 7 days (87.7% vs. 87.7%; P = 0.574). A significantly higher proportion of the etomidate group needed a vasopressor within 24 h after intubation: 43.9% vs. 17.7%, RD, 26.2% (95% CI, 15.4 to 36.9%; P < 0.001). In conclusion, there were no differences in early and late survival rates between etomidate and ketamine. However, etomidate was associated with higher risks of early vasopressor use after intubation. Trial registration: The trial protocol was registered in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (identification number: TCTR20210213001). Registered 13 February 2021-Retrospectively registered, https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/export/pdf/TCTR20210213001 .
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.