ReviewHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2023
Oral Contraceptive Pills and Hypertension: A Review of Current Evidence and Recommendations.
Review in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigation and management of resistant hypertension: British and Irish Hypertension Society position statement.Journal of human hypertension · 2025Guideline
- Trial
- Oral contraceptive-associated hypertension as an under-recognized contributor to secondary and apparent resistant hypertension: agent-specific blood pressure liability, RAAS testing pitfalls, and practical assessment.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Review
- Retrospective case-control study of pre-diagnosis observational and prescription data in Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Cardiovascular disease in women: traditional and sex-specific risk factors.European heart journal · 2026Review
- The Microbiota-Endometriosis Axis: An Immune-Endocrine Integration Model and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Safety of Hormonal Contraception: Method-Specific Risks and Clinical Implications.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Patterns of blood pressure and factors associated with hypertension among young adults in Ibadan, Nigeria.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular risk profile according to World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use of women using hormonal contraception in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Inherited aortopathies and risk of aortic dissection and aortic syndrome in pregnancy.Obstetric medicine · 2026Review
- Hypertension in Women Across the Life Cycle: Unique Aspects and Challenges.Current hypertension reports · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Atherosclerosis and its Clinical Complications.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Sex Hormone Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Menopause Hormone Therapy in Women With Cardiovascular Risk Factors or Established Ischemic Heart Disease: A Joint FIGO and WHF Position Paper.Global heart · 2026Review
- A detailed review of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of progestogens in oral contraception.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- An exploratory study of patients' experiences with and reasons for using one virtual-only telecontraceptive platform in the United States in 2020-2021.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Over-the-counter access to combined oral contraceptives for individuals with hypertension: an expert review.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Review
- Acute ST elevation myocardial infarction in a young female patient without cardiovascular risk factors-Massive left main coronary artery thrombosis induced by oral contraceptive pills: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Combined Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Thrombosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Oral Contraceptive Use and Reproductive History in Relation to Metabolic Syndrome Among Women from KNHANES 2010-2023.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) have been used as effective and popular forms of contraception since the middle of the last century. By 2019, over 150 million reproductive-aged individuals were using OCPs to prevent unintended pregnancies worldwide. Safety concerns regarding the effects of OCPs on blood pressure were reported soon after these pills gained approval. Although OCP doses were subsequently reduced, epidemiologic evidence continued to support a smaller, but significant association between OCPs and hypertension. Given the rising prevalence of hypertension, as well as the adverse effects of cumulative exposure to blood pressure elevations on cardiovascular disease risk, understanding the nature of the association between OCPs and hypertension is important for clinicians and patients to assess the risks and benefits of use, and make individualized decisions regarding contraception. Therefore, this review summarizes the current and historical evidence describing the association between OCP use and blood pressure elevations. Specifically, it identifies the pathophysiologic mechanisms linking OCPs to hypertension risk, describes the magnitude of the association between OCPs and blood pressure elevations, and distinguishes the effects of various OCP types on blood pressure. Finally, it describes current recommendations regarding hypertension and OCP use, as well as identifies strategies, such as over-the-counter OCP prescribing, to safely and equitably improve access to oral contraception.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.