ArticlePloS one2023
Dissecting eustachian tube dysfunction: From phenotypes to endotypes.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Eustachian Tube Opening in Children With and Without Cleft Palate and Association With Otitis Media.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Functional Assessment Beyond Type A Tympanograms: Pressure-Swallow Testing for Chronic Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in a Taiwanese Cohort.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Phenotypic Subtypes of Obstructive Eustachian Tube Dysfunction as Defined by Cluster Analysis.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Article
- A Pressure-Centered Mechanistic Framework for Precision Otology: The Neuro-Vascular-Mechanical-Inflammatory-Autonomic (NVMIA) Regulatory Architecture.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Complementary diagnostic value of tympanometry and tubomanometry in Eustachian tube dysfunction: a retrospective study with serial strategy optimization.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Hearing Loss: Mechanistic Pathways to Targeted Interventions.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The Role of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Recurrent Chronic Otitis Media: A Cross-Sectional Study of Anatomical and Functional Variations.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparative Efficacy of Different Therapeutic Interventions in Eustachian Tube Dysfunctions: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveA broad spectrum of complaints, symptoms and manifestations has been assigned to Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction (ETD). While such presentations may manifest as ETD phenotypes, underlying mechanisms are defined as endotypes. Our goal is to develop a diagnostic approach to differentiate the endotypes and guide clinicians in the workup and selection of treatments targeting the mechanism of ETD. STUDY
designRetrospective.
settingTertiary care. SUBJECTS AND
methodsChildren and adults with suspected ETD were evaluated with a thorough examination, otomicroscopy, otoendoscopy, trans-nasal videoendoscopy and testing of passive and active ET dilatory properties. Degree of weakness in soft palate elevation and ET orifice widening (muscular weakness, ETD-M), presence of inflammation (ETD-I) and/or adenoid tissue impinging and restricting the ET opening (ETD-R) were assessed with video-endoscopy. The Forced Response Test, Inflation-Deflation Test and Pressure Chamber Test were used as applicable to quantify the degree and type of difficulty (Stricture, ETD-S or adhesive, ETD-A) or ease (patulous or semi-patulous, ETD-P/SP) in opening the ET, and degree of active muscular strength/weakness (ETD-M) was measured. Ears with normal function (ETF-N) findings were also identified.
resultsVideo-endoscopic and ETF test results were obtained for 71 ears of 40 subjects (22 males, 18 females; 38 white, 2 black), with an average age of 22.9 ± 16.5 years (min:6.2, max:64.1). Videoendoscopy (21, 13, 33, 16, 13, 0, 0 ETs) and ETF testing analysis (20, 24, 0, 38, 0, 3, 13 ears) were categorized as ETF-N and the ETD endotypes ETD-S, ETD-R, ETD-M, ETD-I, ETD-A, and ETD-P/SP, respectively. Some phenotypes had features consistent with more than one endotype.
conclusionA systematic approach of examination and testing may differentiate the specific underlying mechanisms, lead to a treatment targeted to the ETD endotype and may establish novel ways to diagnose and treat ETD.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.