ArticlePloS one2023
Opium as a risk factor for early-onset coronary artery disease: Results from the Milano-Iran (MIran) study.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- An evolutionary perspective on the use of betel nut and its effects on health outcomes.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2026Article
- Potential Effects of Opium on Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Coronary Artery Disease by Interfering with Anti-inflammatory Drugs.Current molecular medicine · 2026Article
- The Association Between Opium Consumption, Diabetes, and Hypertension Among Male Participants in the Tabari Cohort Population: A Cross-sectional Study.Journal of research in health sciences · 2026Article
- Multilevel obstacles to heart-healthy living in the context of Ischemic heart disease: A qualitative study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Office-based risk equation of Globorisk for prediction of ten-years cardiovascular risk among Iranian population: findings from Fasa PERSIAN cohort study.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Determination of Opium Alkaloid Content in Poppy Seeds Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with a Mass Spectrometer with a Time-of-Flight Analyzer (UPLC-TOF-HRMS).Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- What Causes Premature Coronary Artery Disease?Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- Evaluating the association between opium abuse, blood lead levels, and the complexity of coronary artery disease.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- The relationship between early-onset coronary artery disease and familial hypercholesterolemia: a cohort study based on the Hakka population in Meizhou, China.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The spreading of opium use poses new health related concerns. In some areas of Asia its use is believed to protect from cardiovascular disorders, such as coronary artery disease (CAD). However, whether opium use has an association with CAD is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between non-medical opium use and CAD. We set up a case-control analysis, i.e., the Milano-Iran (MIran) study by enrolling consecutive young patients who underwent a coronary angiography at the Tehran Heart Center, between 2004 and 2011. Incident cases with CAD were contrasted with controls for opium use. Relative risks were calculated in terms of odds ratios (ORs) by logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, cigarette smoking, body mass index, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and diabetes. Interaction analyses were performed between opium and major cardiovascular risk factors. 1011 patients with CAD (mean age 43.6 years) and 2002 controls (mean age 54.3 years) were included in the study. Habitual opium users had a 3.8-fold increased risk of CAD (95%CI 2.4-6.2) compared with non-users. The association was strongest for men, with a fully adjusted OR of 5.5 (95%CI 3.0-9.9). No interaction was observed for the combination of opium addiction and hypertension, or diabetes, but an excess in risk was found in opium users with hyperlipidaemia (OR 16.8, 95%CI 8.9-31.7, expected OR 12.2), suggesting supra-additive interaction. In conclusion, despite common beliefs, we showed that non-medical opium use is associated with an increased risk of CAD, even when other cardiovascular risk factors are taken into account.
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