ArticleCognitive research: principles and implications2023
Audience immersion: validating attentional and physiological measures against self-report.
Article in Cognitive research: principles and implications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Live music enhances self-reported audience immersion and physiological synchrony compared to live-streaming.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- TraceLAB: A MATLAB Toolbox for Interindividual Synchrony Analysis of Facial Expression and Head Movement Data Acquired via Trace.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Seeing Is Feeling: How Aphantasia Alters Emotional Engagement With Stories.Psychophysiology · 2025Article
- Trace: A research media player measuring real-time audience engagement.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Exploring pain and suffering through spatial acousmatic music: innovative perspectives beyond conventional music therapy.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Narrative predicts cardiac synchrony in audiences.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Inter-subject correlation of audience facial expressions predicts audience engagement during theatrical performances.iScience · 2024Article
- Towards reconciling usability and usefulness of policy explanations for sequential decision-making systems.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2024Article
- Measuring real-time cognitive engagement in remote audiences.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
When an audience member becomes immersed, their attention shifts towards the media and story, and they allocate cognitive resources to represent events and characters. Here, we investigate whether it is possible to measure immersion using continuous behavioural and physiological measures. Using television and film clips, we validated dual-task reaction times, heart rate, and skin conductance against self-reported narrative engagement. We find that reaction times to a secondary task were strongly positively correlated with self-reported immersion: slower reaction times were indicative of greater immersion, particularly emotional engagement. Synchrony in heart rate across participants was associated with self-reported attentional and emotional engagement with the story, although we found no such relationship with skin conductance. These results establish both dual-task reaction times and heart rate as candidate measures for the real-time, continuous, assessment of audience immersion.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.