ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2023
Giardia Detection and Codetection With Other Enteric Pathogens in Young Children in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Case-Control Study: 2015-2018.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic exposure to intestinal parasites and bacterial enteropathogens among children in rural Madagascar: Implications for asymptomatic carriage and co-infections.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Co-infection and interaction of enteric pathogens in acute diarrhea among children under five years: a large-scale multicenter observational study from China.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Observational
- Postinfectious Syndromes and Long-Term Sequelae after Giardia Infections.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Review
- Can Wastewater Surveillance Enhance Genomic Tracking of Climate-Driven Pathogens?Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Assessment of Human Taeniasis and Other Intestinal Parasites in Narok County, Kenya.Veterinary medicine international · 2025Article
- Microscopy detection and molecular characterisation ofFrontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The Gut-Wrenching Effects of Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis in Children.Microorganisms · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGiardia has been associated with reduced risk of diarrhea in children in low-resource settings, but the mechanism underlying this association is unknown. To assess whether Giardia may shape colonization or infection with other enteric pathogens and impact associations with diarrhea, we examined Giardia and enteric pathogen codetection among children <5 years old in Kenya, The Gambia, and Mali as part of the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa study.
methodsWe tested for Giardia and other enteric pathogens using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on stool, respectively. We evaluated associations between Giardia and enteric pathogen detection using multivariable logistic regression models separately for children with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD, cases) and free of diarrhea (controls).
resultsAmong 11 039 enrolled children, Giardia detection was more common among controls (35%) than cases (28%, P < .001). Campylobacter coli/jejuni detection was associated with Giardia in controls in The Gambia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] [95% confidence interval {CI}]: 1.51 [1.22‒1.86]) and cases across all sites (1.16 [1.00‒1.33]). Among controls, the odds of astrovirus (1.43 [1.05‒1.93]) and Cryptosporidium spp. (1.24 [1.06‒1.46]) detection were higher among children with Giardia. Among cases, the odds of rotavirus detection were lower in children with Giardia in Mali (.45 [.30‒.66]) and Kenya (.31 [.17‒.56]).
conclusionsGiardia was prevalent in children <5 years old and was associated with detection of other enteric pathogens, with differing associations in cases versus controls and by site. Giardia may affect colonization or infection by certain enteric pathogens associated with MSD, suggesting an indirect mechanism of clinical impact.
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